Se describe la preparación y caracterización fisicoquímica por diversas técnicas (análisis químico elemental, difracción de rayos X, espectroscopía FT-IR, análisis térmico y determinación de superficie específica) de birnesitas de Na, K y Li preparadas por diversos métodos. Asimismo, se han estudiado sus propiedades de cambio iónico, caracterizando las muestras intercambiadas por las mismas técnicas. Se ha encontrado que el intercambio es prácticamente total en el caso del Li, mientras que en el caso de Cu y Mg el porcentaje intercambiado es relativamente bajo.
Palabras claves: birnesita, óxidos de Mn, no estequiometría.
Preparation and characterization of nonstoichiometric manganese oxidesSynthesis and physicochemical characterization (elemental chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and specific surface area determination) of Na, K and Li birnessites are described. The ionic exchange abilities of these materials have been studied, and the exchanged samples have been characterized following the same experimental techniques. An almost complete ionic exchange has been observed for Li, while exchange for Cu and Mg is rather low, probably because of ionic radii differences.
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