Technological progress has become a catalyst for the emergence of such interdisciplinary fields as linguistics and for the need for relevant specialists in the labor market. The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of linguists` training in Ukraine. The latest scientific researches and publications on the subject of training linguists in both domestic and foreign educational institutions were analyzed. The methods of system analysis, critical analysis of scientific and methodical sources, search, generalization, and structural-functional method were used for this study. The article highlights the structure, features, and principles of linguists` education on the basis of educational and professional programs of Ukrainian universities. The purpose of the training is to educate specialists which are able to navigate freely in various linguistic theories, carry out scientific analysis of language material, apply theoretical knowledge, strategies and methods (including innovative ones). The analysis of the education of linguistics students proved that the structuring of the components of the theoretical part of the educational process is based on fundamentalization and the principles of subject specialization, while the selection of teaching methods focuses on the need to train competent specialists with practical skills. The basis of such training is based on student-centered, competence-based, systemic, integrative approaches using innovative, interactive technologies, which allows training specialists capable of effectively carrying out professional, scientific and innovative activity, integrating modern information and communication technologies.
The article deals with the expression means of artistic imagery in the poetry of the Lviv literary group of the late 19th - early 20th century "Young Muse". Using the example from the texts of poetic works of "Young Muse's" representatives, the author proves their symbolic nature and suggests her own interpretation of the semantic loading of the symbolic images in young poets’ poetry. The symbolic continuum of this literary group is outlined by the author by means of the interpretation of symbolic images of "Young Muse" members’ poetic works. According to the author, the repetition of an image in a certain lexical environment indicates to its possible meanings and, despite the ambiguity of the artistic symbol, still tends to one or another semantic dominant in the semantic core of meanings. Analysing the achievements of modern studies of "Young Muse’s" works the author explains the artistic nature of this poetry and tends to the idea of eclecticism being a characteristic feature of "Young Muse’s" works. The author’s attention is drawn to the "Young Muse" poets’ artistic borrowings from various periods of the world literature, and antiquity in particular. A particular part of the paper is also devoted by the author to the illustration of artistic borrowings as well as the artistic reconsideration of images from the Holy Scripture. Thus the author also interprets Biblical images occurring in the texts of this literary group representatives. The study of the poetic texts of "Young Muse’s" members gives reason to claim that, apart from the decadent mood characteristic of the decadence era, the "Young Muse" poetry also contains life-affirming motives and characters. In general, the symbolic continuum of this literary group’s poetry is immersed not only into the Ukrainian mentality, but also extends as far as Eastern and Western cultures, that is, to a certain extent, claims the universality of its artistic codes.
The article deals with theoretical fundamentals of the communicative-activity approach to mastering foreign languages as well as methods of its implementation under conditions of distance learning. Authors of the publication share the practical experience of distance work with freshmen of the Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, foreign students studying the Ukrainian language. The publication considers problems that arise at the initial stage of learning a foreign language regardless of the language studied. The particular importance is attached to the following issues: the language divide, its types, reasons of its occurrence and ways to overcome it; typical mistakes made by students in the process of distance learning of reading and writing, as well as ways and methods for their prevention and elimination; the methodology for pronunciation training. The authors of the article tend to consider the usage of podcasts, mental maps and communicatively oriented authentic textbooks to be the most effective methods of distance work. The article provides the description of textbooks which are focused on the communicative-activity approach to the language learning and enable to essentially achieve the educational goal during the distance learning process. The publication emphasizes that of the four types of speech activity - speaking, writing, reading, listening – reaching the first one is especially challenging in the distance learning process. The joint use of exercises from the textbook and the students’ involvement in real speech situations is successful for developing speaking skills. The authors propose patterns of real speech situations, describe their content and methodology of their application. They also vividly prove the effectiveness of using podcasts, mental maps, and authentic textbooks in the language learning process.
In the article, the author makes an attempt to identify the laughter types and to give them a literary characteristic, as well as to determine the means used for their creation in order to explain the artistic nature of the comic, being a peculiarity of this work of the outstanding German writer. The research is based on the original text and its Ukrainian translation. The theoretical considerations rely on the analysis of existing in modern literary studies statements regarding the artistic features of B. Brecht's work, in particular regarding the properties of his laughter, which is often outlined by researchers as an artistic trope that performs the function of expressing the artwork idea. The author of the article substantiates and illustrates her reflections with relevant quotations from the text of the novel. Since the laughter in this work actually has an ideological basis, the peculiarities of the embodiment of the work idea with the help of artistic figures, which in their essence are varieties of the comic, are paid a special attention to. B. Brecht builds the ideological background of the novel by means of characters’ remarks and thoughts, action, plot, as well as at the level of artistic images, the descriptions of nature in particular. Despite the incompleteness of this novel, its idea is clearly outlined by B. Brecht. It is developed with the help of various laughter types - from hidden irony and humour to grotesque and caustic satire and, according to researchers, sometimes to sarcasm and sardonic laughter. The author of the article proves the evolving nature of laughter in B. Brecht's novel "The Business Affairs of Mr Julius Caesar" and also makes an assumption: under the condition of this work completeness, laughter would have undergone new alterations and transformations and, at the end of the story, it would have potentially reached its apogee. On the plot level it would coincide with the moment of the final debunking of the myths about Caesar, in whose image one can read a satire on the mercantile, corrupt world and dirty politics drenched in money. Another peculiarity of the ideological background of this satirical novel is the fact that despite the tragic nature of any war (the novel deals with various wars waged by the Romans), B. Brecht finds artistic means to ridicule even the war and everything occurring around it. He also completely destroys created by historiography myths about great conquests and great conquerors, nullifying the pathos in which the narratives of historiographical sources about Rome and its rulers are shrouded. He shows in particular the conquerors’ baseness and at the same time does not deviate from the comic register of his story.
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