Indian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties were biometrically studied for seed yield and yield contributing traits to assess genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence. Highly significant differences between varieties for all the studied traits were observed. Pooled results illustrated high estimates of PCV along with GCV for number of branches per plant, test weight, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, plant height and seed yield per plant. High heritability along with genetic advance was recorded for plant height and test weight. Association studies showed highly significant positive correlation and high direct effect of test weight, plant height and number of pods per plant on seed yield. Diversity analysis grouped the set of 17 varieties into two clusters and there was lack of parallelism between genetic and geographic diversities. Intra cluster distance was the highest in cluster I than cluster II. Test weight (37.50%) contributed the maximum to total divergence, followed by plant height.
Experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) towards enhancement of growth and yield of coriander crop (Coriandrum sativum L. cv Acr-1) under semi-arid condition in India. Six PGPR isolates showing in-vitro indole acetic acid production and tricalcium phosphate solubilization were the prime targets. These rhizobacterial isolates were evaluated for their ability to promote growth and yield of coriander under open field conditions. Highest seedling vigour index was recorded for B. aerophilus Cor-15 (1178.50) followed by B. megaterium (1125.20) and minimum was observed with control. The maximum total chlorophyll content was assayed with B. subtilis NRCSS-I which was 1.38 mg/g f wt and 1.30 mg/g f wt at 45 and 90 DAS respectively. The highest Pox activity was recorded with B. megaterium ISB28 (4.31 IU/min/g) in coriander shoot tissues at 90 DAS followed by B. aerophilus cor-15. At harvest stage, maximum plant height was recorded with B. aerophilus Cor-15 (84.36cm) which was at par with B. megaterium (82.90 cm). Coriander seed yield ranged from 1128.80 to 1650.94 kg/ha and the maxmum seed yield of 1650.94 kg/ha was recorded with B. aerophilus Cor-15 being at par with B. subtilis strains and the minimum in control. Maximum essential oil yield was recorded with B. megaterium ISB-28 (5.86 l/ha) followed by B. aerophilus Cor-15 (4.64 l/ha) and least was observed with control (3.09 l/ha).
A field study was carried out to assess the effect of different organic manures (Vermi-compost, sheep manure and farmyard manure) and Rhizobium inoculation on yield and uptake of nutrients in fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and soil properties during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Result revealed that yield of fenugreek enhanced by the application of organic manures and seed inoculation with Rhizobium. However, yield obtained with farmyard manure was highest as compared to other inputs and control. The per cent yield increased with these manures and Rhizobium was 11.45, 20.83, 22.22 and 35.42 with Rhizobium, sheep manure, vermi-compost and FYM, respectively. Chlorophyllcontent and uptake of macro and micronutrients in fenugreek and soil available macronutrients were more with FYM. Total chlorophyll content was more at 90 days followed by 30 and 60 days. Uptake pattern of nutrient indicated that N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu accumulation was more in straw than seed. Contrary to it, P and Zn accumulation was more in seed than straw. Straw yield and availability of micronutrients except Mn did not influence either by manures orseed inoculation with Rhizobium. Soil organic carbon was only higher with sheep manure and FYM. Regardless, it has been cited in some of the literature that vermi-compost is always better than any other farm manures, however our results are warranted. The nutritional value of FYM was the best and vermi-compost was found poorest among the commercially available manures used in this study.
Background: Weed populations reduce crop yields by influencing the pattern of crop growth and development throughout the season and by directly competing with the crop for limiting precious resources, like light, water or nutrients. A number of the factors that influence magnitude of crop yield losses from weed interference include the timing of weed emergence relative to the crop, weed density, pattern of weed growth and development. Weed management is one among the foremost critical factors influencing crop yield. By providing a window of weed-free growth early within the season, the size advantage that crop seedlings have over weeds can be utilized to reduce the intensity of direct competition for resources at the stages of crop development when yield is being determined. Weeds are identified as a significance drawback since they create biotic stress in realizing the genetic yield potential of this valuable crop.Methods: A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2010-11 to 2014-15 at ICAR- National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer, Rajasthan to estimate the yield losses because of weed infestation and to work out the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). There were 14 treatments comprising of initial weedy periods of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 days after sowing (DAS) and weed free period upto 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 DAS along with weedy till harvest (un-weeded check) and weed free till harvest (weed free check). The treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design.Result: Maximum pod length (cm), number of pods/plant, number of seed/pod, test weight (g), seed yield (kg/ha), straw yield (kg/ha) and harvesting index (%) to the tune of 9.47, 41.2, 16.67, 12.60, 2297, 4954 and 31.73 were recorded at weed free throughout growth period. Weed infestation up to 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 DAS and weedy throughout growth period reduced the seed yield significantly to the magnitude of 567.3, 801.7, 913.3, 1253.3, 1393.7 and 1736.3 kg/ha. Yield losses in fenugreek increase from 2.95 kg/ha/day at 15 days weed infestation to 12.31 kg/ha/day at 135 days weed infestation. Maximum gross return (`104248/ha), net return (`67018/ha) were obtained at weed free throughout growth period with the B:C ratio 2.80 among the weed free treatments. The employment of response curves with weed free or weed competition period showed that seed yield of fenugreek were the highest with the field free from weeds throughout the growth period and the critical period of weed/fenugreek competition was 32 days after sowing and lies between 30-45 days after sowing. In regression approach for fenugreek seed yield and weed free or weed competition period the quadratic function was fitted to estimate the expected yields which had the high significant with the data recorded and have the highest values of R2. If we predict the seed yield losses based on the quadratic model for weed free period model, it declined from 42.04 at 0 DAS to 0.0% at 135 days. Similarly, weed infestation period model predicted the seed yield losses increased from 0.00 at 0 days weed infestation to 73.42% at 135 days. Critical period for weed competition in fenugreek was found to be 32 days after sowing. The CPWC is helpful for making decisions on the necessity for and timing of weed control.
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