Chemotherapy is the most widely used means of controlling Trypanosomosis, a major health problem to man and his livestock over much of Tropical Africa. However, effectiveness of the drugs available is limited by a number of factors which include increasing parasite resistance, treatment failures and unacceptable toxicity. This study investigated the phytoconstituents of aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata and its in vitro anti-trypanosomal effects on Federe strain of Trypansoma brucei brucei. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using standard technique. While in the in vitro study, about 3 ×10 5 T. brucei brucei in 0.3mls of blood suspended in 0.4mls Ringer's solution were each dispensed into tubes (A-D) containing 0.3mls of the aqueous extract at concentrations of 0.02mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml, 2mg/ml and 20mg/ml respectively. The fifth tube (E) was an untreated control (Ringer's solution and parasite). The tubes were incubated at 37 0 C and examined for the presence and motility of trypanosomes at 15 minutes intervals for 2hours. After the incubation and motility assessment, 0.2ml of the contents of each tube was inoculated intraperitoneally into group of 3 rats, 3 other rats served as uninfected controls. The inoculated animals were then examined daily for the presence of trypanosomes for a period of 60 days. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, saponin, phenol, terpenoid, cardiac active glycoside, anthraquinone, reducing sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. The extract demonstrated a concentration and time dependent inhibitory effect on trypanosomal motility. Highest effect was observed at concentration of 20mg/ml, with total ceassation of trypanosome motility from 75 minutes of exposure all through the 120 minutes of the incubation. Also rats inoculated with content of the tubes containing the 20mg/ml of the extract did not show parasitaemia and survived the 60 days infectivity test period. However, all rats inoculated with trypanosomes exposed to lower concentrations of the extract showed high parasitaemia with 100% mortality within 5 days post inoculation.
This study investigated the effects of aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata on albino rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Acute toxicity test was conducted on the extract and then analysed for some phytoconstituents. Thirty-five adult rats were divided into seven groups of five rats each. Group A were the non-infected control group while groups B, C, D, E, F and G were inoculated with 1x 106 trypanosomes per 100 g body weight (BW). At day 6 post infection (6 PI), groups C and D were treated with diminazene aceturate and vitamin C at dose rates of 3.5 mg/kg BW intra peritonealy once and 200 mg/kg BW orally for 3 days respectively, while groups E, F, G were orally treated for 3 days with 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg BW of the extract respectively. The rats were monitored for parasitaemia, PCV and body weight. The LD50 of the extract was greater than 9000 mg/kg. The phytochemical analysis revealed 3.51% flavonoid, 0.07% alkaloid, 0.10% saponin and 0.03.0% oxalate in the extract. While there was progressive increase in parasitaemia from day 6 PI in groups E and F throughout the study, parasitaemia decreases and was completely cleared by day 8 and 11 PI in groups C and G respectively. PCV of group A was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of F and G. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the PCV of Group A and that of groups B and C and highly significantly different (p<0.01) with that of D and E. Significant (p<0.05) body weight increase of rats in groups D, E, F and G at day 10 PI was observed. Thus, fruit pulp of A. digitata at a dose of 9000 mg/kg was not toxic to rats, and contains active compounds with potential In vivo anti-trypanosoma activity. Keywords: Adansonia digitata, Albino rats, Animal trypanosomosis, Phytochemicals, Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Background: Chemotherapy is the most widely used means of controlling trypanosomosis, however, effectiveness of the drugs available is limited by a number of factors. This study investigates the oxidative stress profile of aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata on some organs in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Methods: Thirty-five male albino rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Groups B, C, D, E, F and G were inoculated with 0.20 ml of suspension containing 10 6 T. b. brucei. Group A were neither infected nor treated. Group B were infected but not treated. At onset of parasitaemia, rats in group C were treated with diminazene aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg body weight once, while rats in group D were treated with vitamin C at 200 mg/kg body weight for 3 days consecutively. Rats in groups E, F and G were treated orally for 3 days with the aqueous extract of fruit pulp of A. digitata at a dosage of 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg body weight respectively. Liver and kidney tissues of the rats were collected at necropsy (10 days PI) for oxidative stress analysis. Results: There was a significant (p < 0.05) effect in the concentration levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase among the different groups treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of A. digitata. Conclusion: The extract of A. digitata exert protective effects against tissue peroxidation in albino rats experimentally infected with T. b. brucei.
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