Key words: popcorn-based complementary foods, amino acid profi le, nutritional qualityThe aims of this study are to produce and evaluate nutritional quality of complementary foods using popcorn, bambara groundnut and African locust beans.The food materials were fermented, oven dried, milled and sieved into fl our. The fl ours were mixed as follows: fermented popcorn-African locust bean (FPA) (70% popcorn, 30% African locust bean), fermented popcorn-bambara groundnut (FPB) (70% popcorn, 30% bambara groundnut) and fermented popcorn-African locust bean-bambara groundnut (FPAB) (70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, 10% African locust bean). Physicochemical, sensory and nutritional properties of food samples were determined using standard methods.Protein content of FPAB (26.87±1.07 g/100 g) was signifi cantly higher than FPB (20.87±1.02 g/100 g) and FPA (20.49 g/100 g) respectively. For mineral composition, potassium had the highest value in FPA (173.75±0.21 mg/100 g), FPB (157.45±0.25 mg/100 g) and FPAB (132.75±0.15mg/100 g), while copper was the least mineral. The percentage recommended daily allowance (RDA) met by total essential amino acid (TEAA) ranged between 55.99% for FPA and 82.33% for FPB. The predicted protein effi ciency ratio (P-PER) range between 0.54 and 1.43 for FPB and FPAB respectively; while biological value (BV) was between 20.13 and 39.94%. The oxalate, tannin, phytate and trypsin inhibition of popcorn-based food samples was reduced to a minimum level.It could be concluded that FPAB had a better nutritional quality over FPA and FPB using selected nutritional indices; hence, FPAB blends could be used as complementary food for infants. However, nutritional and biochemical studies of the formulations are needed to further substantiate their nutritional potentials.Brought to you by | MIT Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 5/9/18 11:04 PM

The objective of this study was to determine protein quality and hematological properties of infant diets formulated from local food materials. The food materials were obtained locally, fermented, and milled into flour. The flours were mixed as 70% popcorn and 30% African locust bean (FPA), 70% popcorn and 30% bambara groundnut (FPB), and 70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, and 10% African locust bean (FPAB). Proximate analysis, protein quality, hematological properties, and anthropometric measurements of the animals fed with the formulations were investigated. The protein contents of the formulated diets were significantly higher than that of Cerelac (a commercial preparation) (15.75 ± 0.01 g/100 g) and ogi (traditional complementary food) (6.52 ± 0.31 g/100 g). The energy value of FPAB (464.94 ± 1.22 kcal) was higher than those of FPA (441.41 ± 3.05 kcal) and FPB (441.48 ± 3.05 kcal). The biological value (BV) of FPAB (60.20%) was the highest followed by FPB (44.24%) and FPA (41.15%); however, BV of the diets was higher than that of ogi (10.03%) but lower than that of Cerelac (70.43%). Net protein utilization (NPU) of the formulations was 41.16-60.20%, whereas true protein digestibility was 41.05-60.05%. Metabolizable energy (232.98 kcal) and digestible energy (83.69 kcal) of FPAB were the highest, whereas that of FPA had the lowest values. The protein digestibility values corrected for amino acid score of the diets (0.22-0.44) were lower than that of Cerelac (0.52), but higher than that of ogi (0.21). The growth patterns and hematological properties (packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume) of the formulated diets were higher than those of ogi, but lower than those of Cerelac. In conclusion, we established that the FPAB food sample was rated best in terms of protein quality over the other formulated diets. Therefore, a FPAB blend may be used as a substitute for ogi.

Abstract:This study aimed at assessing the anthropometry, dietary intake and micronutrient status of hypertensive patients attending specialist hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive case control study was conducted among subjects attending two specialist hospitals located in Akure and Ondo towns. A total of 452 subjects (44.9% males and 55.1% females), was purposely selected from the study centres. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic parameters, nutrition knowledge and dietary intakes of the subjects. The quantities of subjects' dietary intakes were measured using household measurements. Weight, height, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured using electronic bathroom scale, standiometer and sphygmomanometer, respectively. The subject's urine was collected; and vitamin C, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc and magnesium were determined using standard procedures. The results showed the following means: age 52.4±2.38 years, weight 66.4±1.63 kg, height 1.64±0.01m, body mass index (BMI) 24.13±0.69kg/m 2 , SBP 124.86±2.3mmHg and DBP 76.22±1.86 mmHg. Blood pressure (BP) of the subjects showed that 46.9% had optimal BP, 14.2% normal BP, 11.5% high normal BP, 12.8% mild hypertension, 9.7% moderate hypertension and 4.9% severe hypertension. For BMI, 8.8% were underweight, 47.1% normal, 30.3% overweight, 6.0% obesity class I, 6.0% obesity class II and 1.8% obesity class III. The proportion of hypertensive subjects that were obese was signifi cantly (P=0.0001) higher than control subjects. Three-fi fth of the control subjects had good nutrition knowledge compared to one-fi fth of hypertensive subjects. The estimated mean energy intake was 8.46 MJ, protein 93.1g, carbohydrate 314.5g, fat 42.9g, fi bres 5.6g and appreciable amount of vitamin C, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The subjects' urinary vitamin C concentration was 32.49±2.53mg; calcium 0.41±0.06mg, zinc 0.04±0.01mg; magnesium 4.57±0.37mg, sodium 8.33±0.37mg) and potassium 7.45±0.21mg. Statistically, there were signifi cant differences (P<0.05) between urinary vitamin C, sodium and potassium concentration (except zinc) of hypertensive patients and the control subjects. Weak correlations were observed between the subjects' systolic (P<0.05) and diastolic (P<0.01) BP and age, BMI and magnesium; with inverse correlations between vitamin C, sodium and potassium. The study concluded that hypertension was signifi cantly infl uenced by BMI of the subjects, which may be an indication of high intake of calories. Therefore, calorie intake should be controlled among the hypertensives.

Background:The most common cause of anemia is a deficiency of iron; but it may also be caused by deficiencies of folates, vitamin B 12 and protein. Some anemias are not caused by nutritional factors, but by congenital factors and parasitic diseases such as malaria. This study attempted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among pre-school and school-aged children in two rural areas of Odogbolu Local government area, and to determine whether its cause was nutritional or could be attributed to malaria. Methods: A total of 177 children between the ages of 2 and 11 years were included in the study. Children were examined for malaria parasites by microscopy. The World Health Organization (WHO) age-adjusted cut-off for hemoglobin and hematocrit were used to classify anemia. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for serum ferritin was compared with standard methods of determining iron deficiency. Under-nutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) was classified according to the National Centre for Health Statistics standards. Values below  -2SD were defined as mild-moderate under-nutrition, and those below  -3SD as severe malnutrition. Results: Most of the children were anemic, 87.1%, having PCV values below the 32% cut-off and 95% with hemoglobin levels lower than the 11g/dl, although parasite prevalence and density were low. Malnutrition was patent; 36% of the children were stunted, 18.3% wasted and 44.2% underweight. Serum ferritin was more sensitive than PCV in detecting anemic children. Although anemia was higher in boys and preschoolers compared to girls and school aged children, the difference was significant only in preschoolers (P = .004). Anaemia was also significantly higher in Irawo village school than in Iloti (P = .0001) Conclusion: The anemia detected in this population may be due more to under-nutrition than to malaria. Key words: Anaemia, nutrition, childrenRésumé Introduction: La cause la plus fréquente de l'anémie est une carence en fer, mais elle peut aussi être causée par des carence en folates, vitamine B12 et de protéines. Certaines anémies ne sont pas causées par des facteurs nutritionnels, mais par les facteurs congénitales et les maladies parasitaires telles que le paludisme. Cette étude est pour but d'estimer la prévalence de l'anémie chez les préscolaires et les enfants d'âge scolaire dans deux zones rurales de l'administration locale d'Odogbolu, et de déterminer si sa cause est nutritionnel ou pouvaient être attribués à la malaria. Méthodes: Un total de 117 enfants âgés entre 2 et 11 ans ont été inclus dans l'étude. Des enfants ont été étudiés pour les parasites du paludisme par microscopie. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), l'âge corrigé de coupure de l'hémoglobine et l'hématocrites ont été utilisés pour classer l'anémie. L'anémie. Une enzyme ayant rapport avec immunosorben assay pour la ferritinemie a été Nutritional anaemia and malaria in children. Anumudu C et al. Page | 12 comparée avec les méthodes standard de la détermination de la carence en fer. La sous-alime...

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