The influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the allelic state of the Vrn genes and development rates of two winter wheat varieties, Mironovskaya 808 and Olvia, was investigated. Vernalization was carried out during 45 days at the temperature 4 ± 1°С under different conditions of trophic support. Whole seeds with endosperm and isolated buds, with added water and 3% solution of sucrose, were vernalized. The allelic state of the Vrn genes was identified by PCR using allele-specific primers on the sprouts at different phases of vernalization – 15, 30, and 45 days. Phenological observations were carried out by determining of the transition to the generative development of wheat plants, cultivated from the vernalized sprouts. According to the results obtained, it was established that the recessive state of the genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 was unchanged in all variants of the two winter wheat varieties on the 15th and 30th days of vernalization. After 45 days of vernalization, the recessive and dominant alleles in sprouts, vernalized under normal trophic conditions and with added 3% solution of sucrose, were detected at the Vrn-B1. All variants of wheat plants grown from vernalized sprouts under contrasting trophic conditions were transferred to the generative phase, but at different times. It could indicate an epigenetic regulation vernalization process. It was established that different trophic conditions during vernalization affected the changes of the allelic state of the Vrn-B1 gene and determined the transition to the generative development of winter wheat.
Aim. The aim of our work is to research the influence of exometabolites phytopathogens of genus Fusarium on callus culture isogenic lines for genes PPD (NILs) of winter soft wheat. Methods. In the work used standard biotechnological and mycological methods. The influence of exometabolites phytopathogens g. Fusarium investigated, adding CF mi-cromycetes to MS culture medium in a ratio of 1:20, using transplants callus culture of isogenic lines of wheat. Growth index analyzed density of callus tissue and size of callus cells determined. Results. Established that the CF of Fusarium oxysporum significantly slows grows reaction of callus cultures and morphological structure callus NILs is changes. It is shown that the impact exometabolites phytopathogens has the opposite effect on cytological parameters (number and length callus cells) in the isolines differing pace of development in conditions in vivo. The culture filtrate F. oxysporum has more toxicity compared to exometabolites F. moniliforme. Conclusions. It is supposed that the genetic system controlling the pace of development and photoperiodic sensitivity Triticum aestivum L. in conditions in vivo indirectly determines the formation of resistance to biotic stress conditions in vitro.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, PPD genes, NILs, callus culture, growth index, resistance to phytopathogens.
В роботі представлені результати дослідження яровизаційного контролю розвитку двох сортів пшениці озимої м'якої. Показано, що сахароза стимулює проліферативну активність кореневих меристем яровизованих проростків, але не впливає на тривалість фаз мітозу. Встановлено, що умови трофічного забезпечення в період яровизації впливають на ростову реакцію, тривалість фенологічних фаз та перехід до генеративного розвитку Triticum aestivum L.
The results of the study of drought tolerance of isogenic (NILs – near isogenic lines) by genes PPD (photoperiod) wheat lines and isogenic by genes ЕЕ (early maturation) soybean lines, that control the photoperiodic sensitivity are presented. In field experiments the photoperiodic sensitivity of the lines when grown under natural long days (16 hours at a latitude of Kharkov) and under artificial short-day (9 hours) is determined. The results showed that line PРD-D1A and PPD-A1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 had a weak photoperiodic sensitivity (weak PPDS) and line PPD-B1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 - strong photoperiodic sensitivity (strong PPDS). Wheat and soybean lines with weak PPDS were more productive. When simulating drought action on seed germination (20% strength mannitol solution - rapid method), it was showed that the seeds of soybean and wheat lines with weak PPDS have a higher germination than seeds of the lines with strong PPDS. When simulating soil drought (30% FMC – field moisture capacity of the soil) under growing experiment, it was revealed that the biomass accumulation indices of plants, leaf relative water content (RWC) and proline content in leaves lines with weak PPDS were higher than in the photoperiodic lines with strong PPDS. So, all used methods for determining drought tolerance showed that the low photoperiodic sensitivity lines are more resistant to drought.
It is assumed that wheat genes PPD and soybean genes EE can participate in the formation of resistance to drought. Genotypes with low photoperiodic sensitivity should be used in breeding soybean and wheat drought resistance.
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