Antibiotics are emerging environmental contaminants, causing both short-term and long-term alterations of natural microbial communities due to their high biological activities. The antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from anthropogenic polluted Oluwa River, Nigeria was carried out. Microbial profiling and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out on water and sediment samples using 13 different antibiotics. Microorganisms isolated include those in the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Proteus and Staphylococcus. The microbial count of isolates from water samples ranged between 94.10 · 10 2 Cfu/100 ml and 156.20 · 10 2 Cfu/100 ml while that of sediment samples ranged from 2.55 · 10 4 Cfu g À1 to 14.30 · 10 4 Cfu g À1 . From the water isolates, 100% resistance to antibiotics was found in Micrococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. while another Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp. showed between 40% and 90% resistances. From the sediment isolates, 100% resistance to antibiotics was found in a Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. while another Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Proteus spp. showed between 70% and 90% resistances. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was shown by all the isolates and Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest resistances (100%) to all antibiotics. Thus, Oluwa River is not safe for public consumption. ª 2014 Hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.

A preliminary serological study of 366 household dogs in Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to determine antibodies due to exposure to Brucella abortus and B. canis, using the rose bengal test (RBT) and the rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test, respectively. Results showed that 5.46 % (20/366) and 0.27 % (1/366) of the dogs screened were seropositive to B. abortus and B. canis, respectively.Of all dogs, 36 had a history of being fed foetuses from cows and 11 (30.6 %) of these tested positive in the RBT. Our findings, although based on a limited sample size and a dearth of clinical details, revealed that dogs in Nigeria may be infected with Brucella spp. given the wide range of risk factors. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the epidemiology of brucellosis in dogs and its possible zoonotic consequences in the country

This report describes a case of craniothoracopagus (moncephalus thoracopagus tetrabrachius) twin puppies in Ibadan, Nigeria. The conjoined twins were given birth to by a 7-year-old bitch that was usually allowed to stray away from home in search of food. Deformities of the cardiovascular, digestive musculoskeletal, respiratory and urinary systems are reported. This is probably the first report of craniothoracopagus twinning in a dog.

Water is vital for life, but in contrast, it might serves as the commonest route of transmission for many infectious diseases. This study was carried out to examine the quality of drinking water from two selected surface water within Ogbomoso. Water samples were collected from both water bodies at different points. Most Probable Number (MPN) techniques and pour plate method were used to estimate the bacteriological quality of water samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on the isolated organisms, while heavy metals parameters were assessed with standard methods. Water samples were analyzed for faecal sterols. Results of MPN counts (49 to 6 7 1600 MPN per 100ml) and total heterotrophic counts (0.15×10 to 1.36×10 CFU/mL) revealed a high level of microbial pollution. Ten genera of bacteria; Shigella, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Citrobacter and Klebsiella were isolated and they all showed multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) to all the antibiotics used. The multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) index ranged from 0.63 to 0.75 and 0.63 to 0.88 for the isolates from Papa-Osiagoro and Oke-Baaki water works respectively. The heavy metals analyzed fell within the limits set by Nigerian Standards for potable waters with exception of Zn which had high concentrations across the sampling points. Water samples showed the presence of high concentrations of feacal sterols. The presence of coliforms and other pathogenic organisms present in these surface water bodies have shown that they are highly contaminated. Thus, the water is not fit for human consumption due to feacal contamination.

This study evaluated the correlation between scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) in relation to breeding age in West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. A total of 320 WAD bucks from birth to 15 months of age from various farms in Ibadan, Nigeria, were studied. They were grouped as A-birth to 3, B-4 to 7, C-8 to 11 and D-12 to 15 months old respectively, comprising of 80 bucks per group. Semen was collected from 10 randomly selected bucks in each group and analysed. Results showed positive correlation between SC and age; SC increased with age; and at about 8 months of age and over, a consistent SC of 17 cm–18 cm was observed. BW also increased with age; BW significantly affected SC. Also, at 8 months of age and over, SC of 17 cm-18 cm was observed from 9 kg BW and above. However, the correlation between SC and BCS was low and not significant. Semen analysis revealed the best semen quality for groups C and D bucks. In conclusion, we suggest that WAD bucks of 8 months and above, with at least SC between 17 cm–18 cm and of over 9 kg BW, could be used to breed does successfully on the farm.