Objective To assess the histological changes found in (seven), chronic inflammation (15) with prominent plasma cell infiltrates (11), variable foreign-body patients with long-term external sphincter, prostatic and urethral stents. granuloma (two) and microabscess formation (five), usually associated with clefts formed around the stent Patients and methods Eighteen patients with long-term stents (mean time since insertion 3.5 years) were wires (three of five). Conclusion Stents become incorporated into the urethral investigated. Three had external sphincter stents for detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia secondary to spinal wall by a process of polypoid hyperplasia through the stent mesh, with at least focal covering of the stent in injury, eight had prostatic stents for obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and seven had most cases, and with variable inflammatory infiltrates, most of which are rich in plasma cells. The urothelial urethral stents for recurrent strictures. Nine stents were occluded at investigation, of which seven were and connective tissue proliferation resulted in obstruction of the stent lumen in nine of the patients studied. entirely removed. The mucosae overlying the remaining two were biopsied, as were mucosae over the nine Further long-term study is necessary to exclude the development of carcinoma in patients with keratinizpatent stents, at urethroscopy. Results The changes observed included polypoid ing squamous metaplasia, although no malignancy was seen in this study. hyperplasia (11 of 18 patients) between and around the stent mesh wires, nonkeratinizing squamous metaKeywords Urethral stent, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia plasia (two) or hyperkeratotic squamous metaplasia age and time in situ of the stents for all patients and the
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