The effect of treating the wood filler of freshly cut wood species with the additive of silica sol obtained by the polycondensation method on the arbolite properties is studied. It was found by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy that silica sol particles with the sizes of 20 to 80 nm are adsorbed on the surface of the wood filler, obstructing open pores and spaces between the wood vasculars. The most effective is the additive of silica sol with its content from 10 to 20%. It is shown by the a multilayer map of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of a wood particle treated with silica sol that calcium cations accumulate on the wood filler in the arbolite mix, thus affecting the hydration of the cementing material and the arbolite strength. After 3 and 28 days of hardening, the strength of the arbolite with the birch chips increases by 2.5-2.7 and 2.7-3.1 times, respectively; with the aspen chips its strength becomes 3.1-4.2 times higher; and the arbolite strength rises 3.1-4.2 times with birch and pine chips (1:1). The method for treating the wood filler with silica sol patented by the authors makes it possible to simplify the technology of its preparation, to reduce the exposure time of wood filler before mixing with a cementing material and to produce arbolite from freshly cut birch wood with the strength after 3 and 28 days of hardening being 2.5-2.7 and 2.7-3.1 times higher than that of the control composition.
The article describes the conditions for obtaining new thermal insulation materials from the waste of mechanical processing of soft hardwood wood. The recommendations for the production of new resource-saving technologies of gypsum-wood and chip-and-glue composites are justified, which makes it possible to dispose of waste from the processing of soft hardwood wood. It was found that the birch pulp extract, along with cellulose and lignin, contains d-erythrosis, which is easily washed out of the wood with water or a solution of "mineralizer" and gets into the cement dough, which leads to a slowdown in hardening and a decrease in compressive strength. It is shown that the existing technological processes for eliminating the negative influence of saccharides on the strength of wood aggregate composites are complex, requiring multi-stage treatment of the aggregate with various chemicals or long-term exposure. A method based on the use of binders that do not interact with extractable substances, such as gypsum or urea-formaldehyde glue, is proposed. By scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the structure of the gypsum-wood composite varies depending on the sequence of input components. The nature of the effect of microcrystalline cotton cellulose on the change in the physical and mechanical properties of the gypsum-particle composite using cavitation-treated sawdust was revealed and its optimal dosage was determined. The regression dependences of the influence of the consumption of wood chips and glue on the compressive strength of the chip-and-glue composite were obtained by the experimental planning method.
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