MatdovsU Norika, Olga SladU, o. Mdz, Z. MatyU and Iva Tomancova: Campylobacter jejuni in Slaughtered Chickens from the Viewpoint of Food Hygiene. Acta vet. Bmo, 61, 1992: 61-67.A total of 440 slaughtered chickens coming from 27 farms were examined for presence of Campylobacter jejuni between 1st Feb. 1990 and 31st Tan. 1991. The relevant specimens were taken from the outer and inner carcass surfaces, ileum contents, liver parenchyma and bile from groups of 10 birds each week. Isolation attempts yielded 366 C. jejuni strains. Of the 38 and 47 (10.3 % and 12.8 %) were isolated from the outer and inner carcass surfaces, respectively, 121 (35 %) from ileum contents, 92 (25 %) from liver parenchyma and 68 (18.6 %) from bile.The proportions of contaminated chicken carcasses showed two peaks, reaching 62.5 % and 62 % in Mayand October, respectively. An almost parallel trend vas recorded for the isolations from ileum contents and liver parenchyma where the highest number of strains (45 % and 30 % respectively) coincided with the May peak, whereas the highest proportions of isolations from bile (30 %) coincided rather with the second peak. The proportions of C. jejuni isolated from the outer and inner carcass surfaces were relatively low, averaging 9.4 % and 11.4 % respectively, and did not show much fluctuation. The proportions of C. jejuni isolated from bile averaged 13.8 %.In 82 (22.4 %) C. jejuni strains solitary colonies were observed also after control aerobic incubation at 42 °c, but attempts at their further passage under these conditions yielded negative results. C. jejuni carriers and shedders as well as the incidence of asymptomatic C. jejuni infection among chickens do not urge either the farmer or the veterinarian to take any measures, but the consumption of C.jejuni-infected chicken meat constitutes a major health hazard for man. Campylobacter jejuni, slaughtered chickens, food hygieneCampylobacter jejuni was first described as Vibrio jejuni a ones et a1. 1931) and is also known under the names of Vibrio hepaticus (Mathey and Rissberger 1964) or Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni (Smibert 1974). It is a causative agent of abortion in sheep, diarrhoea in calves and lambs, campylobacter hepatitis in chickens and febrile enteritis in man.A point of particular epidemiological importance is the fact that C. jejuni can also be iso'ated from the intestinal tract of clinically healthy cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, domestic fowls, nirkeys, ducks, pigeons, dogs, cats, monkeys, sparrows, blackbirds and starlings (Smibert 1984). From the intestinal tract it can make its way to the liver and, upon evisceration, also to the outer and inner surfaces of farm animal carcasses. In the domestic fowl this possibility has been demonstrated:(1) on the outer sUrface after scalding and plucking (Baker et al. 1987) in 20 % of the carcasses;(2) on the inner surface after evisceration (Pl!gfimkova 1986, Marinescu et al. 1987 Mfl!-kova 1987) in 28.7 % to 92 % of the carcasses; (3) in the liver (Khalafalla 1990) in 40...
Litedk I., O.Mdz: Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as the Cause of Mass Mortality among Laboratory Mice. Acta vet. Bmo 60,1991: 51-60 The report describes an epizootic caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus among laboratory mice. The disease developed in a group of newly purchased 600 white mice of strain Swiss and spread also to the same mice of the laboratory flock.Death occurred in two waves (each lasting only a few days) during which 11.7 % of the newly purchased mice and 40 (circa 4 %) mice of the original laboratory flock died.The only clinical sign deserving mention was occasional oedema in the head region (inflammation of submandibular lymph nodes). Post-mortem examination revealed tumor lienis, larger or smaller in size, in all the cases. Cultivation from the internal parenchymas yielded streptococcal colonies in growth phases M and D. This dissociation was reversible; it was present up to the 25th passage on blood agar after which phase D gradually disappeared.The epizootic was liquidated by two courses of five day's experimental treatment, apart, with a penicillin-streptomycin mixture added to the drinking water. Strepcoccus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, diseases of laboratory animals, white mouseStreptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus has been isolated, under its earlier name of Streptococcus zooepidemicus, from horses, sheep, pigs, domestic fowls, minks and occasionally also from guinea-pigs suffering from various affections. (Hahn 1980). To our knowledge, only one paper has reported its incidence in white nlice (pop et al. 1964) and therefore we cite here these published observations in detail:The epizootic occurred in a large flock of laboratory animals comprising, among other animals 16000 breeding mice in separate groups of 1 000 mice. Its development was associated with November cold and with a 16-h failure of air-conditioning during which the temperature in the rooms ranged between 14 and 25 °C and the relative air humidity declined by 28 %. Another factor involved was the large number of pregnant and nursing mice because only these adult animals developed the disease and died.The primary source of the infection was not mentioned in the paper but bacteriological examination of clinically healthy mice revealed an average of 14 % carriers in the rooms. The streptococci were members of group C, were pathogenic and were found in the pharynx in more than a half of the positive cases. The first deaths were recorded the 4th day after the climatic shock. Within a week the death rate increased from the original 0.2 to 0.4 % to 3.4 to 8.9 % daily, depending on the mouse strains. At the beginning of the epizootic the septicaemic form with somnolence, severe dyspnoea and, occasionally, diarrhoea prevailed in almost of the affected animals. It lasted 1 to 3 days and its outcome was fatal. The other symptoms were maxillary adenopathy with fistulas and deformities of this region as well as further suppurative processes on the limbs observed mainly in those strains of mice where fatal...
Cwikova Olga, Alena Hovorkova, O. Mrtz, Iva Steinhauserova and Z. Matyas: Aeromonads in SlaUghtered Chickens: Their Species and Pathogenic Factors. Acta vet. Brno, 62, 1993: 95-102.Washings from 155 eviscerated chicken carcasses coming from 16 agricultural co-operatives were examined at 14-day intervals during one yeat. The isolation attempts yielded 91 aeromonad strains which were further specified, tested for cytotoxicity and examined for pathogenicity for the white mouse.Aeromonads were found in 13 (81 %) agricultural co-operatives, being detected in 58 (41.4%) out of 140 chickens.Examination of the washings detected 36 (39.6%) A. sobria strains, 21 (23.1)% A. trota strains, 17 (18.7%) A. hydrophila strains, 9 (9.9%) A. caviae strains and 8 (8.8) A. jandaei strains. On the respective farms 2 to 3 species were generally found in cOmbination.Of the 91 strains 89 (97.8%) grew in S-phase, 85 (93.4%) haemolysed blood agar and 67 (73.6%) produced cytotoxic effect on tissue culture of MDBK cells. Agreement between all these characteristics was found in 63 (69.2%) strains.In bioassays the pathogenicity agreed with the results of S-phase -growth in -17 (77.3%) out of 22 strains, with the results of beta-haemolysis in 16 (72.7%) out of 22 strains and with those of cytotoxicity in9 (69.2%) out of 13 strains. Agreement between alI these thr~e characteristics was found in 9 (52.9%) out of 17 virulent strains.As pathogenic were classified 3 out of 4 A. caviae strains, 5 out of 8 A. hydrophila strains, 6 out of 8 A. sobria strains (the remaining two strains grew in R-phase) and all A. trota strains examined.
Aeromonads, slaUghter~d chickens, food hygieneOnly motile aeromonads and then particularly A. hydrophila, A. sobria-and A. caviae, associated'. with gastroenteritis, were described as important from the viewpoint of food hygiene (Janda et al. 1984). Recently, however, ithas become applfrei:J.fthat some other species, naml'ly A.jandaei (Carnahan et al. 1991b), A. veronii (Hickman -Brenner et al. 1987 and possibly also-A. trota. (Carna,han et al. 1991c) may also be entl;l'Opathogenic. Data on thc;se species are fewerin number and none at all have been recorded in this country.The only published data on food hygiene-related aeromonads in this country so far have been the findings of.i4. hydrophila in faeces (Pauc:kova and Fukalova 1986) and the information contained in two reports (Kamenik 1990, Aldova andSchindler 1991). The present study on aeromona
M r a z 0.: A Conttibution to the Identi6iC4tion 06 P4eudomon46 a~gin04a. Acta vet. Brno.56.1987:115-122.
Mdz 0., F. Vymola, E. Vrbova: Sensitivity of Herd Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Antibiotics and its Trend. Acta vet. Bmo, 50, 1981: 201-205. Sixty nine strains of KI. pneumoniae of almost exclusively bov~e origin (milk, nostrils, rectum and skin at the base of the udder) were examined and compared with 72 serotype strains of Danish origin isolated in 1955. Our main interest was focused at the contemporary sensitivity to the antibiotics and evaluation of its trend during the past 25 years. In all experiments the disc method was employed, accomplished by the dilution micromethod for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics in selected experiments.The following results were obtained: 1) From the total number of 30 preparations examined in both groups of KI. pneumoniae strains 14 antibiotics showed no effect (bacitracin, cephaloridine, erythromycin, fucidine, lincomycin, methicillin, novobiocin, nystatin, oleandomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, pristinamycin, spiramycin, vancomycin). 2) Therapeutically prospective results were obtained with cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, colistin, neomycin, oxytetracycline, paromomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline. Seventy five to 97.2 % of strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. 3) Among sulphonamides (sulphadimidine, sulphamethoxidine and sulphisoxazole), only sulphamethoxidine proved to be effecti~. 4) An increase in resistance in newly isolated strains of KI. pneumoniae as compared to the Danish serotype strains from 1955 was only observed in gentamicin and colistin (and this only with the dilution method); the number of resistant strains increased by 13 and 13.5 %, respectively. Antibiotics, sulfonamides, resistance.Differences in sensitivity of microbial strains to antibiotics require a close cooperation between the therapist and bacteriological laboratory. The laboratory will test the strains and recommend a selection of suitable preparations, their dosage and will control the course of therapy.In Klebsiella infections, the first and especially the third aspects are of importance, as sensitivity of the etiological agent to widely used cephalothin, kanamycin, streptomycin and others oscillates in rather wide range (Bauer and Seeger 1979), and biological experiments in chickens (Smith 1976) indicate an adaptability of Kl. pneumoniae to both chloramphenicol and chemotherapeutic agents trimethoprim and nalidixic acid.Such conclusions follow from several field studies; e. g. Braman et al. (1973) found out of 46 strains of KI. pneumoniae isolated from bovine mastitis 37 resistant to chlortetracycline, 35 resistant to dihydrostreptomycin and 8 strains resistant to neomycin. Similar results were reported by Weber et aI. (1975) who isolated 148 Kl. strains from placenta, uterine cervix, vagina, praeputium, nasal secretions and faeces of mares and horses. Besides 12 strains resistant to streptomycin, 11 resistant ot chlor8mphenicol and 9 strains resistant to tetracycline, they found another 18 strains polyre...
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