The genus Salvia L. has more than 900 species distributed throughout the globe. 21 species are growing in Ukraine. All species of this genus have essential oils. Salvia officinalis and Salvia sclarea have been used in the culture and are widely used in medical practice. The chemical composition of other species of sage and the possibility of their use in pharmaceutical and medical practice are almost not studied. Taking into account the results of chemotaxonomic studies of species of the flora genus of Ukraine, their prevalence and prospects for introduction into the culture, for further studies were selected raw materials of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata. The aim. The aim of the study was to conduct a chromato-mass spectrometric study of the aboveground organs of S. grandiflora L., S. pratensis L. and S. verticillata L. to establish the prospects for the use of raw materials of these species in medical and pharmaceutical practice. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were leaves of S. officinalis, leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata, which were harvested on the basis of the botanical garden of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The research of volatile substances in the objects of the research was carried out by the method of GC-MS on the basis of the Department of Natural Sciences for Foreign Students and Toxicological Chemistry of Zaporizhia State Medical University. Results. As a result of the study, 243 substances were found in the objects of the study, of which 149 were identified. 77 substances were found in the leaves of S. officinalis, 80, 26 and 63 substances in the leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, respectively, in the leaves , stems and flowers of S. pratensis – 28, 30 and 48 substances, respectively, in leaves, stems and flowers of S. verticillata – 39, 22 and 39 substances, respectively. Dominant compounds among substances of terpenoid nature are: cyclofenchene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor borneol, caryophyllene, humulene, viridiflorol, sabinene, pyranone, β-pinene, phytol, kolavenol, β-copaen, loliolide, pseudolimonene and spatulenol. Among the dominant substances, 8 were detected for the first time in these species: cyclofenchene, viridiflorol, sabinene, pyranone, phytol, kolavenol, loliolide and pseudolimonene. Conclusions. The leaves of S. officinalis, leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata of the flora of Ukraine were studied by chromato-mass spectrometric method. As a result of the study, 243 substances were identified, of which 149 were identified. Promising raw materials containing terpene compounds for S. grandiflora there are leaves, and for S. pratensis and S. verticillata – flowers, so they are promising agents for introduction into pharmaceutical practice
From the beginning of its existence and until now, interest in herbal remedies has only grown. Not surprisingly, medicinal herbs are a source of unique combinations of biologically active components that are capable of exhibiting significant pharmacological effects. One of these medicinal plants is Acorus calamus (sweet flag), whose rhizomes have long been used in official and folk medicine, cooking and cosmetology. However, recent studies point to the considerable potential of the aerial part of Acorus calamus as a novel herbal remedy, which is associated with the presence in the leaf of the plant, in addition to essential oil, a considerable amount of substances of phenolic nature. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal conditions for the removal of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Acorus calamus and to determine the technological parameters of raw materials. Materials and methods. During the research, samples of raw materials collected on the territory of Kharkiv region were used, as well as methods that are given in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Result. As a result of the research, the extraction conditions at which there was highest content of the extraction of biologically active substances were determined. The extractant, the degree of grinding of the raw material and the optimum extraction time were selected, which allowed to extract almost 80 % of the quantitative content of flavonoids from the raw material. The main technological parameters of Acorus calamus leaves were also determined. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of the technology of obtaining phyto-substance from the leaves of Acorus calamus. Conclusions. The selection of optimal extraction conditions of biologically active compounds from Acorus calamus leaves was carried out. The obtained results show that in order to obtain extracts with the maximum content of biologically active substances (flavonoids), it is advisable to use raw materials with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm, as an extractant 70 % alcohol and an extraction time of 4 hours.
The purpose of the research is to work out a routine method for the quantitative determination of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids in chicory herb growing in Ukraine. The presence of chlorogenic and caffeic acids was experimentally proven by comparing the TLC profiles of solutions of the chicory extract and standard substances of hydroxycinnamic acids. According to the chromatogram, the chemical composition of the ethanol extracts was qualitatively constant and did not depend on the series of plants collected in different places (7 regions of Ukraine) and in different years (2017 and 2018). The water-alcohol solutions of 8 chicory herb samples had the absorption maximum at the wavelength range from 326 to 330 nm, which was typical for phenolic acids. Chlorogenic acid was chosen as a marker substance for the quantitative determination by direct spectrophotometry. The value of the specific absorbance (556.21(λ=327 nm)) of chlorogenic acid in the concentration of 10.08 µg/ml in ethanol 50% was determined. The total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was found to be 1.87% for the sample of 2017, for the samples of 2018 in the range of 4.00–6.61%. The method proposed is acceptable for standardization of the medicinal plant raw material.
Medicinal plants and their combinations can influence various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes mellitus type 2 and its complications, due to the wide range of biologically active substance that they accumulate. Flavonoids deserve particular attention through their antioxidant properties. Three samples of herbal mixtures (sample 1 – Inula helenium rhizome with roots, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Zea mays columns with stigmas, Origanum vulgare herb, Rosa majalis fruits, Taraxacum officinale roots; sample 2 – Cichorium intybus roots, Elymus repens rhizome, Helichrysum arenarium flowers, Rosa smajalis fruits, Zea mays columns with stigmas; sample 3 – Urtica dioica leaf, Taraxacum officinale roots, Vaccinium myrtillus leaf, Rosa majalis fruits, Mentha x Menthapiperita herb) were tested for flavonoid content and antioxidant properties. Using HPLC-DAD analysis the content of flavonoids was evaluated and an antioxidant activity by DPPH-radicals scavenging, ferrous ion chelating capacity and ferric reducing power were established for the herbal mixtures. Rutin prevails in sample 3, its content was 2745.66±0.21 μg/g; luteolin – in samples 1 and 2, its content was 371.31±0.07 μg/g and 313.48±0.13 μg/g, respectively. Flavonoids attribute to the antioxidant activity of the herbal mixtures, which was confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing power assay and ferrous ion chelating assay. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for sample 3 – IC50 of inhibition of DPPH radicals was 301.65±2.67 µg/mL compared to control – ascorbic acid (119.24±2.35 µg/mL), the ferric reducing power was 0.382 at 100 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (0.412 at 100 µg/mL) and IC50 of chelating capacity was 206.59±2.48 µg/mL compared to EDTA-Na2 (110.55±1.93 µg/mL).
О. С. МалаВСТУП. Біологічна активність макро і мікроелементів в організмі людини є висо-кою та різноманітною. Вони беруть участь у формуванні й будові тканин організму, процесах утворення тканинного білка, функціонуванні більшості ферментних систем, входять до скла-ду клітин, формують оптимальні сольові склади і кислотнолужну рівновагу рідини організму, включаючи плазму крові, мають вплив на захисні реакції організму, значною мірою забезпечують його імунітет [9]. Нормальне функціонування нервової, серцевосудинної, травної та інших систем не можливе без наявності мінеральних речовин [5]. Дефіцит одного з мінералів може спричинити порушення обміну речовин організму людини. Так, наприклад, кальцій бере участь у формуванні кісткової тканини, входить до складу клітинних структур, він є обов'язковим компо-нентом системи підтримання кислотнолужної рівноваги внутрішнього середовища організму [10, 11]. Магній потрібний для вивільнення енергії вуглеводів при їх окисненні в організмі, бере участь у нормалізації збудливості нервової си-стеми, сприятливо впливає на функціональний стан м'язів серця та його кровопостачання, має антиспастичну і судинорозширювальну дії. Мідь бере участь у процесах обміну речовин і тканинного дихання. Цинк має значення для діяльності гіпофіза, статевих і надниркових залоз, бере участь у процесах кровотворення, загоєння ран [7,8].Одним із джерел мінеральних сполук є рос-лини. Тому вивчення макро і мікроелементного складу рослин є актуальним та перспектив-ним.Кору берези бородавчастої (betula verrucosa ehrh.) широко використовують у неофіційній медицині як ранозагоювальний, антисептичний, протизапальний засіб, при хронічних гнійних ранах і трофічних виразках, пролежнях, саднах та ін. [4,5]. Травники пропонують застосовувати кору берези при захворюваннях системи кровообігу, злоякісних новоутвореннях, запаленнях сечостатевої системи та ЛОР органів [4].Широкий спектр фармакологічних ефектів кори берези бородавчастої зумовлений наявністю біологічно активних речовин і речовин первинного синтезу -макро та мікроелементів.Метою роботи було дослідити макро та мікроелементний склад кори берези боро давчастої, густого екстракту з неї порівняно з ґрунтом.МЕТОДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ. Об'єктами ви вчення були кора берези бородавчастої, густий екстракт з неї (екстрагент 40 % спирт етиловий), ґрунт, на якому зростали рослини. Кору та ґрунт збирали на території Харківської області у період сокоруху в березні. Густий екстракт отримували за загальноприйнятими методиками [6].Дослідження якісного складу та кількісного вмісту макро і мікроелементів проводили методом атомноемісійної спектрометрії на базі лабораторії аналітичної хімії функціональних матеріалів та об'єктів оточуючого середовища ДНУ НТК "Інститут монокристалів" НАН України (м. Харків). Калібрувальні графіки в інтервалі вимірюваних концентрацій елементів будували за допомогою стандартних проб розчинів со лей металів (ІСОРМ2327). Для розчинення купруму використовували кислоту нітратну ква ліфікації ч., а при аналізі інших елементів -реактиви кваліфікації х.ч. та двічі...
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