Background
Nephrolithiasis is a condition of having stones in the kidneys, which progressively lead to loss of renal function if untreated properly.1 The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones is increasing across the world.2
Methods
A retrospectively collected data of kidney stone disease was reviewed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012.
Results
Out of 30,335 patients 173 were confirmed to have stones making them 0.5%. Generally results show male predominance with male to female ratio of 2.46:1. Results also show prevalence decreases as age increases with the highest among the age group 15-25 making a prevalence rate of 27.7% with observed significance of 0.002. Out of those patients who visited the outpatient department patients from Zoba Maekel were the highest in number (59.9%) followed by Debub (19.1%) while the southern Red Sea Zone had the lowest prevalence (2.3%). Majority of the stones were found on the kidney comprising about 80.3%, followed by ureter 16.8% of patients and 2.9% stones were located on the bladder. When data was reviewed for associated co morbidity only one patient had associated Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, three had ectopic kidney(1.7%), one had renal cyst (0.6%) and 12 (6.9%) patients were complicated with hydronephrosis. (P=0.548)
Conclusions
The prevalence of kidney stone in Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral hospital from January to December 2012 is 0.5%, with higher predominance in men than in women with a ratio of 2.46:1.
Background: Laryngeal cancer is the most common of the aerodigestive tract affecting both sexes and all age groups with high morbidity and mortality when left untreated. Objectives: The study is carried out to review the histology of all larynx biopsies sent to Histopathology laboratory in UDUTH. Sokoto. Methods: A total number of forty three (43) paraffin embedded tissue block were used for the study. The blocks were retrieved from the archive and the patients' bio data and the histopathological pattern from the biopsies record book. The sections were cut from the tissue Original Research Article
Background: Sabulun salo (African traditional black soap) is widely used among various local communities in the northern Nigeria as medicinal herb. This experimental research was carried out to study the effect of oral administration of the soap on the stomach of Albino Rats. The administration lasted for the period of two weeks. Objectives: The objectives are to determine the effect of African black soap (Sabulun salo) on the histology of stomach, hematological parameters and food and water consumption. Methodology: 20 Albino rats used for this study were randomly divided into four groups. The first, second and third group (AC, BC, and FC) were orally administered with 2000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg doses of Sabulun salo respectively. The control group received normal saline, the
Original Research Article
Mohammed et al.; AJMAH, 1(4): 1-6, 2016; Article no.AJMAH.289922 animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. The stomach was excised and processed for paraffin embedding. Blood samples were collected for haematological analyses. Results: Incomplete metaplasia of the stomach epithelia were seen in the albino rats fed with 2000 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg of the extract while complete metaplasia were observed among those on 4000 mg/kg. There were significant increase in white blood cell, hemoglobin and packed cell volume in the entire groups except the FC group when compared to control. There was decrease in food and water consumption across the groups Conclusion: The results of this research have shown that the Sabulun salo (African traditional black soap) is toxic to the albino rats exposed.
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