Goal. To study the influence of the structure of the bee family nest and the age of the bee queen on the flight-collecting activity of bees during the preparation of protein feed. Methods. Laboratory, zootechnical (strength of the bee family) and statistical (mathematical processing). Results. The position on the relationship between the entry of pollination into the bee family and the different age of the brood and the age of the bee queen is substantiated. The age of the bee queen, open brood and indicators of bee pollination activity are directly related: the younger the bee queen and the greater the number of open brood, the higher the harvesting activity, the more bee pollen is collected. Conclusions. Increased collection of bee pollen is provided by the use of queen bees in bee colonies for no more than two bee-keeping seasons. Timely change of queen bees, as well as building and maintaining the strength of bee colonies are the main zootechnical measures to maintain optimal life of bees and get the maximum amount of products from them. Bee queens should not be changed or replaced during honey collection or harvesting. It is better to replace the queen bees before the main honey harvest so that the bee colony already has a fertile bee queen before it starts. Taking into account the dynamics of the use of bees in the harvesting bee pollen, the replacement of queen bees should be carried out only in view of the reserves of protein feed (perga) in the nests of bee colonies and specific terrain with plants that provide bees with pollen.
Goal. To determine the effectiveness of carbohydrate-protein feeding, namely: the impact of protein feed (bee pollination) on the development of bee colonies and physiological parameters of bees in the period of its absence or low level of receipt. Methods. Laboratory -to determine the mass of larvae and bees, zootechnical -to account for the growth and strength of the bee family, statistical -for biometric processing of experimental data. Biometric data processing was performed on a PC using MS Excel software. Results. The influence of the use of carbohydrate and protein fertilization on the spring growth of bee colonies and their preparation for the effective use of the honey collection is studied. The expediency of using carbohydrateprotein feeding for the bee colonies to improve the physiological parameters of bees is shown. Conclusions. Carbohydrate protein feeding in the spring significantly affects the growth of bee colonies, allowing them to build strong families before the honey harvest. Carbohydrate-protein feeding of bees in early spring promotes the production of larger larvae, which, in turn, contributes to the production of high-grade bees. The proposed method of feeding bee colonies in the spring in the form of a paste (candy), which includes: powdered sugar, liquid honey, bee pollen, water, is a simple and effective one and can be recommended to increase the number of bees in the spring in preparation for honey harvest. The use of carbohydrate-protein feeding helps to increase the honey productivity of bee colonies and increase the intensity of egg-laying of queen bees. However, carbohydrate-protein feeding makes sense only before the start of the main honey harvest, i.e. in the conditions when there is a lack of bee pollen in the nest.
Проведено комплексне вивчення поведінки бджіл під час заготівлі бджолиного обніжжя. Дослідження присвячено одному із актуальних питань, що визначає ріст і розвиток сім'ї -білковому корму. Встановлено, що споживання білкового корму впливає на фізіологічний розвиток і сприяє продовженню тривалості життя молодих бджіл. За дефіциту білкового корму у бджіл повільно розвиваються глоткові залози, а отже, знижується рівень годівлі личинок. Результати дослідження показали, що бджоли-збиральниці мають індивідуальні особливості збору обніжжя, які виявляються у різниці затраченого часу на збір обніжжя, характері збору корму та активності вильотів за кормом.
In presented work there is given data of experimental researches of infl uence of queen-rearing colony on larval bees adoption and infl uence of diff erent technological elements on larval bees adoption and obtaining of honeybee geleeroyale. The aim of the work is optimization of technological processes of geleeroyaleobtaining and researching of their infl uence on larval bees adoption and production of geleeroyale. It was tasked to explore diff erent ways of obtaining geleeroyaleand to choose the most optimal one for industrial apiary conditions. There were compared some ways of complete and incomplete orphanage of bee families. The method of incomplete (partial) orphanage of bee family means that queen bee wasn’t completely isolated from bee family, and complete orphanage means that queen bees were excluded. Analyzing the biological mechanism of incomplete orphanage method where bees also adopt larvae for rearing and produce geleeroyale, it is possible to suspect that only a part of bees feel the presence of queen. Only year-long beesfeel the presence of queen because they are the ones who penetrate through the diaphragm section with built-in block of queen excluder and provide bee family with nectar and protein food. Another part of bees (nurse bees) which don’t have access behind the diaphragm, where queen bee works, feel its absence and intensively feed up larvae on grafting frames producing geleeroyale. Using the Nicot system it is observed the highest larvae adoption and the biggest mass of obtained geleeroyalecompared with other technological elements We need to choose the methods of bee family formation in order to getgeleeroyale depending on season period, specifi c conditions, tasks and production volume. For more simplifi ed technology of geleeroyaleobtaining it is recommended to use Nicot system. Key words: bee family, nurse colony, larva, geleeroyale, queen-cell cumulosol, Nicot system, complete orphanage, partial orphanage of bee family.
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