We have analysed retrospectively 100 consecutive patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, who were treated with corticosteroids and followed for at least three years. At
Fifteen patients with acute rhabdomyolysis were evaluated with low field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the results compared with those obtained using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US). With MR imaging, abnormal muscles with areas of increased signal intensity were seen in every patient, which probably reflects increased water content or increased mobility of water molecules caused by inflammatory reaction and oedema in the injured and necrotic muscles. Computed tomography without intravenous contrast medium demonstrated abnormal muscles in most patients examined with this modality. The CT findings consisted of areas of focal hypodensity in muscles. With US, abnormal muscles were seen in less than half of the patients studied. The normal structure of striated muscle was focally disturbed and areas of both decreased and increased echogenicity were found. Magnetic resonance imaging had a higher sensitivity in the detection of abnormal muscles than CT or US (100%, 62% and 42%, respectively). The findings of all these modalities are non-specific, but together with the clinical and laboratory data they confirm the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. The information gained from imaging studies is useful in the assessment of the extent and distribution of rhabdomyolysis. The precise identification of affected muscle compartments by MR imaging is valuable when surgical fasciotomy is considered for treatment; the procedure can then be appropriately directed to the compartments with clearly abnormal muscles.
Summary An allergy examination was made on forty‐eight consecutive bronchiectasis patients, with a mean age of 37 years. Eleven had confirmed asthma and another nine, making twenty in all (42%), had distinct allergic diathesis. Allergy to a specific allergen was established in five cases. 50% of the patients in the total series had bronchial histamine hyper‐reactivity, eleven without asthma or distinct allergic diathesis. The results corroborate views previously reported of the role of asthmatic symptoms and allergic diathesis as aetiological factors of bronchiectasis.
We conducted a prospective study in order to compare ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of liver foci in patients with acute leukaemia and clinical suspicion of hepatic candidiasis. 28 adult patients fulfilling set entry criteria after recovery from neutropenia were studied. Lesions in the liver were detected by at least one imaging modality in 21 patients: by ultrasonography in 7 (33% of detected cases), computed tomography in 12 (57%) and by magnetic resonance imaging in 20 patients (95%). Magnetic resonance imaging was significantly more sensitive than ultrasonography (p<0.001) and computed tomography (p<0.02). The difference between computed tomography and ultrasonography was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). Invasive procedures performed in 10 patients provided definite proof of candidiasis in 5 patients, and nodes on the liver surface, compatible with yeast infection, were seen during laparoscopy in 3 other patients without proof of fungal infection. We confirm that magnetic resonance imaging is superior to ultrasonography and computed tomography in imaging liver foci in leukaemic patients recovering from neutropenia with persistent non‐specific signs of infection or hepatic involvement.
T1 rho dispersion, or the frequency dependence of T1 relaxation in the rotating frame, was used for in vivo muscle tissue characterization in 13 patients with primary skeletal muscle disease and in eight normal subjects for comparison. T1 rho dispersion measurements represent a new approach to magnetic resonance tissue characterization, possibly reflecting the macromolecular constituents of tissue. A definite, statistically significant, difference was found between the relative T1 rho dispersion values of normal and diseased muscle tissue. T1 rho dispersion measurements and images may increase the accuracy of identification of diseased muscles. Early identification of affected muscles is important for accurate diagnosis by muscle biopsy.
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