We have compared the levels of phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1), 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) activities and the distribution of their isoenzymes in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinoma. Tumour tissue had higher phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase activity than normal tissue. Creatine kinase activity was higher in seven out of 12 tumours. In contrast 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity was lower. Phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase presented greater changes in the oestrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative breast carcinomas than in the steroid receptor-positive tumours. Determined by electrophoresis, type BB phosphoglycerate mutase, type BB creatine kinase and αα-enolase were the major isoenzymes detected in normal breast tissue. Types αγ and γγ enolase, types MB and MM phosphoglycerate mutase were detected in much lower proportions. In tumours a decrease of phosphoglycerate mutase isoenzymes possessing M-type subunit and some increase of enolase isoenzymes possessing γ-type subunit was observed. No detectable change was observed in the creatine kinase phenotype. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign

During the first postoperative months, exposure to MPA is low in a considerable proportion of liver transplant patients receiving MMF at a fixed dose of 1 g bid. MPA monitoring appears necessary in these patients.

Background: Graft survival depends on adequate immunosuppression. To evaluate the effect on the immune system of immunosuppressive therapies using calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), several pharmacodynamic indices have been proposed to complement pharmacokinetic data. In this preliminary study we compared some of these parameters during combined immunosuppressant therapies. Methods: We treated 65 stable renal transplant recipients with cyclosporin A (CsA; n ‫؍‬ 16), tacrolimus (TRL; n ‫؍‬ 10); CsA ؉ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; n ‫؍‬ 14); TRL ؉ MMF (n ‫؍‬ 13), and MMF (n ‫؍‬ 12). Twelve nontreated healthy controls were also included. Calcineurin activity (CNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured using 32 P-labeled peptide. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-␥ production in phytohemagglutinin-activated whole blood were measured at 0 and 2 h postdose. The areas under the curves, c min , c max , and concentration at 2 h (c 2 h ) were also measured.