The performance response and egg qualities o laying birds fed enzyme supplemented PKC diets as replacement for maize was investigated w th 210, 20 week old lay ng pullets of Dominant Black strain at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria. The birds which ust come into lay were randomly allotted into seven dietary groups of 30 each in three replicates. The experiment was conducted for 11 weeks. Dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Hen day percent, Egg weight, Feed efficiency (Kg feed: Kg eggs) and cost o feed per egg Final l ve weight and body weight gains at end of the experiment were similar (p<0.05) among treatments. On egg qualities, only Haugh unit was significant y (p<0.05) improved with increased level of PKC which appeared to be better as rate of enzyme supplementation increases. The differences observed in the experiment on performance parameters appeared not to have established a consistence trend to strongly assert a conclusion but are indicative of the possibility o replacing maize with PKC in a laying birds diet up to 40 % when supplemented with Hemicell f i i j f. i l f ® enzyme. Other enzyme application methods may be investigated to see if better performance response trend can be achieved.
The economics of production of broiler chickens considered for 0-35 days, 35-56 days, and 0-56 days was compared for fishmeal (FM) and maggot meal (MM) diets. The maggot meal diet was a replacement of the fish meal at 75% on protein basis. Replacing FM at 75% with MM resulted in reduced cost of feed as well as cost /kilogramme weight gain of broiler chicken at starter, finisher and the overall production period. Consequently, net returns were raised by 15.79%, 12.28% and 13.63%. respectively at the starter, finisher and during the overall production period. The increase in net returns are encouraging as the least -cost diet had no negative effect on the performance of the birds. Therefore the profit-maximising objective of commercial broiler enterprises is achievable by MM utilization in broiler feed as replacement for FM under this condition of reduced cost of production.
Soybean,Glycine max, is a highly nutritious seed. It contains high quality protein and unsaturated fat. Despite the high nutritive value of soybeans, its use has been limited by a number of anti- nutritional .factors which are capable of causing adverse nutritional and physiological responses in animals. Several processing methods such as heat treatment, use of chemicals such as acids, alkali and alcohols or a combination of these have been developed and used to reduce or completely eliminate these anti-nutritional factors and hence improve its utilization. This review addresses the nutritive value of soybean, anti-nutritional factors, effect of processing on the nutritive value of the seed and the utilization of soybean in milk replacers for pre-ruminants. Well processed soybean can provide high quality proteins that can be used to replace milk proteins in milk replacers for pre ruminants. Studies on utilization of milk replacers by pre-ruminants are scanty in Nigeria. More effort needs to be devoted to research in this area.
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