Sosnowsky's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is an invasive species becoming an increased problem in the Europe including the Baltic region. It is an aggressive weed that poses a threat to human health. It is extremely difficult to control this plant, especially in the locations where chemical control is impossible. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of non-chemical control methods of cutting and shading for 1st-and 2nd-year H. sosnowskyi plants as well as thermal control by heating with water steam at different growth stages. The study was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013-2020. To test the efficacy of cutting and shading aboveground parts of H. sosnowskyi, two field trials were conducted. Second-year plants were able to regenerate their aboveground part. Cutting of the 2nd-year shoots of H. sosnowskyi reduced the aboveground mass by 89.8-90.3%. An effective control of H. sosnowskyi was root removal in the 10 cm soil layer. Removal of the aboveground part of plant was less effective because of a high H. sosnowskyi regeneration, and the efficacy of control significantly decreased. The 1st-year plants of H. sosnowskyi at the 4-leaf stage were sensitive to covering by a plastic film. Shading for 30 days on juvenile plants ensured the sufficient efficacy of control. Thermal control (at a steam temperature of ≥95°C) was most efficient when H. sosnowskyi plants were at the cotyledon up to 4-leaf stage. Using of two non-chemical methods could have an effective control of 1st-and 2nd-year plants of H. sosnowskyi.
Aim. Studying of black nightshade young plants’ response to the induced mechanical stresses. Methods. Researches conducted in small plot fi eld experiments. Results. Change of sensitivity level of Solanum nigrum L. plants depending on phases of their development at the moment of damage of elevated parts has been proven. Owing to loss of the surface capable to photosynthesis, there is an essential decrease in volumes of photosynthesis at plants of weed survived and their possibilities of ontogeny passage. The deep induced dis- stresses reduce biological effi ciency of plants, their ability to accumulate weight and to form seeds and even lead them to death. Conclusions. The defi ned principles of response of weed plants to the induced mechanical dis-stresses are can be used for working out and ecological receptions of crops protection from weeds.
Sosnowsky's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is known as an invasive, ineligible, harmful to human health, and hardly controlled plant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of chemical control when different herbicides were applied at various development stages of H. sosnowskyi plants. The experiment was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013-2020. Two field experiments on the first-year and second-year H. sosnowskyi plants were conducted. All the selected herbicides were applied at the rates registered in Ukraine. The first-year plants of H. sosnowskyi were the most sensitive to the herbicides at the cotyledon stage -the efficacy of herbicides ranged from 97.3% to 100%. Postponing the herbicide application up to a six-leaf stage, the efficacy ranged from 43.2% to 60.7%. The most effective were the following herbicides: Task Extra 66.5 WG (rimsulfuron 23 g kg -1 , nicosulfuron 92 g kg -1 , dicamba 550 g kg -1 ) + Trend 90 at application rates of 385 g ha −1 + 0.2 L ha -1 and MaisTer Power OD (foramsulfuron 31.5 g L -1 + iodosulfuron 1.0 g L -1 + thiencarbazone-methyl 10 g L -1 + cyprosulfamide (antidote) 15 g L -1 ) at an application rate of 1.5 L ha -1 . The second-year plants of H. sosnowskyi were effectively controlled by the following herbicides: Elumis 105 OD (mesotrione 75 g L -1 , nicosulfuron 30 g L -1 ) at an application rate of 2.0 L ha -1 and the tank composition Elumis 105 OD + Roundup Max (glyphosate potassium salt 551 g L -1 ) at application rates of 2.0 + 6.0 L ha -1 . The results of the experiment clearly showed that the sensitivity of H. sosnowskyi plants to herbicides decreased with increasing the stages of plant development of the first-year of H. sosnowskyi. The results suggest that the combination of mesotrione, nicosulfuron, and glyphosate might be a suitable solution for the chemical control of second-year plants of Sosnowsky's hogweed.
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