Back in Soviet times, the Institute of nutrition of the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR had recommended in scientifi cally based nutrition standards that milk and dairy products should be in the diet of the population at least 30 % of all nutrients consumed by each person per day. According to scientists and practitioners breeding work in dairy cattle breeding is aimed at improving existing and creating new highly productive breeds, types and lines, herds of animals, as well as their rational use for the production of milk and beef. A comparative assessment of milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed of diff erent origin along lines during three lactations in the breeding farm “Barybino” – “Koalko-agro” in the Moscow region has been presented in the article. It has been found that the best result in milk yield for the 1st lactation was obtained from cows of Wes Back Ideal 10134115 line – 7897 kg, with fat content of 4,20 % and protein content of 3,20 % in milk . The milk yield of cows of other lines of Refl ection Sovereign 198998, Montwick Chieftain 95679 and Pabst Governor 882933 was 7787, 7607, 7879 kg of milk, respectively. In general, in all lines there is a pattern of increasing milk yield before the second lactation and some of its decrease by the third lactation. According to the length of the open days period after the fi rst and third calving, it has been found that the cows of line Montwick Chieftain 95679 had the longest open days period equal to 149 and 179 days.
Relevance. In the Republic of Armenia, the leading branch of animal husbandry is cattle breeding. More than 95 % of the milk and 60% of the meat are obtained from cattle breeding. In order to further develop cattle breeding in the republic within the framework of various state and commercial programs, since 2007, Holstein, Brown Swiss, Simmental and Jersey heifers have been imported from European countries. In this regard, the study of adaptive and productive qualities of not only imported, but also received from them animals of the first generation is relevant. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the number of dairy cows in the leading livestock farm of OOO “Agroholding “Armenia”” near the city of Spitaka. The processing of the research results was carried out using the method of variation statistics. The article substantiates the age-related changes in the indicators of milk productivity of the daughters of the Brown Swiss breed of the first generation, obtained from mothers imported from Germany, at I; II and III lactation (2016–2021). The farm has a system of keeping cows year-round stall, with loose-box method of keeping. Cows are fed and milked twice a day. The study determined the milk yield, the fat and protein content in milk (monthly control milking), the live weight of cows (by weighing), the lactation coefficient and milk yield repeatability coefficients. Results. According to the results of the research, Brown Swiss cows obtained from imported mother cows had sufficiently high indicators of milk productivity and live weight, which naturally increased with age. In cows, milk yield from I to III lactation was 6845; 7630 and 8450 kg, respectively, the fat and protein content in milk was 4.08; 4.03; 4.0 % and 3.2; 3.16; 3.12 %, live weight was 550; 595 and 630 kg, and the milk coefficient was 12.4; 12.8 and 13.4.
The first factor in breeding highly productive herds, both in order and importance is the intensive rearing of replacement heifers. The widespread use of Holstein breed as the breeding resources in dairy cattle in Russia in order to improve the economically useful characteristics of cattle of different breeds leads to the leveling of genotypes and a decrease in the valuable qualities of domestic breeds, resistance to diseases, obtaining high-quality replacement young animals. Hybridization especially remote according to many scientists is the greatest factor of evolution and selection and so far the only reliable method of breeding hybrid organisms based on a combination of their useful traits A comparative characteristic of the intensity of the live weight gain of heifers of Black-and-White breed and in comparison with zebu-like hybrid herdmates has been presented in the article. It has been found that the intensity of the live weight gain of heifers obtained by crossbreeding with zebu-like hybrid sires was higher than that of heifers of the same age of Black-and-White breed from birth to 15 months of age. The average daily gain in live weight in zebu-like hybrid heifers from birth to 6 months of age averaged was 733 g, from birth to the age of 12 months it was 739 g and from birth to the age of first insemination it was 704 g. The live weight of hybrid heifers at the age of 15 months was 345,1 kg, which on average was more than that of heifers of the same age of Black-and-White breed. So, from birth to 6 months they were inferior to hybrid herdmates by 6,5 %, at the age of 12 months by 4,2 % and at the age of 15 months by 3,8 %. Thus, the use of zebu-like hybrid sires when crossbreeding with Black-andWhite cows has the positive effect on the intensity of the live weight gain of heifers, which must be taken into account in the breeding of animals in commercial farms.
One of the modern tasks of the agricultural complex in the light of the provisions of the country’s Food Security Doctrine is to accelerate the selection progress to breed animals of the desired type. A comparative evaluation of the milk productivity and reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed with different selection methods (intra-line breeding and genealogical line crosses) during the first lactation in the breeding farm “Barybino” – “Koalko-Agro” in the Moscow region has been presented in the article. It has been found that the highest indicators of milk productivity have been obtained when the genealogical lines were crossbred. Thus, when using sires of Pabst Governer 882933 line on cows of Montwick Chieftain 95679 line the milk yield was 8419 kg with fat content of 4,20 % and protein of 3,15 %, the open days period duration was 95 days. High productivity indicators have been characterized by cows from the combination of sires of line Wes Back Ideal 10134115 and cows of line Montwick Chieftain 95679 when milk yield was 8074 kg with fat content of 4,20 and protein of 3,10 %, the duration of the open days period was 117 days. The productivity of cows from the combination of sires of line Pabst Governor 882933 and cows of line Reflection Sovering 198998 was also characterized by high milk yield 8054 kg with fat content of 4,10 and protein of 3,0 %, the duration of the open days period was 107 days. Thus, the combination of genealogical lines has influence on the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive traits of highly productive cows, which must be taken into account when conducting breeding work.
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