Disorders of ocular perfusion are associated with huge amout of diseases, including such socially significant as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. To date, there is no gold standard for measuring ocular perfusion. An innovative method for two-dimensional assessment of eye blood flow — laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) — has been developed recent years and implemented in ophthalmological practice.Purpose: to evaluate the possibilities of LSFG for determining ocular blood flow and to find out the age dependence of the obtained indicators of ocular blood flow.Materials and methods. The study includes 60 healthy volunteers. The examined persons were divided into 3 groups of 20 people depending on their age — 20–40 years old, 41–60 years old, and over 61 years old. All examined persons had high visual acuity and normal blood pressure. The study was carried out on an LSFG-RetFlow device (Nidek). The shape of the pulse wave, its qualitative and quantitative characteristics including the main parameter of LSFG - MBR (Mean Blur Rate) were determined.Results. A significant decrease with age of most studied parameters of blood flow volume was revealed, the changes were significant (p £ 0.05). The highest MBR parameters were noted in the group of 20–40 years old. In the macular area, MBR values decreased more significantly in the group after 60 years age, while for the optic nerve head (ONH), a decrease has been already noted after 40 years age. In average, the decrease was 25–34 % for the ONH area and 33–38 % for the macular area. Changes of the other parameters of the pulse waveform had a similar trend.Conclusion. LSFG is a reliable method for quantifying ocular blood flow. Our data support that LSFG-derived MBR and pulse wave measurements may be useful biomarkers for ocular perfusion changes. The identified age-related blood flow changes should be taken into account during the analysis of patients data.
The challenge of the coronavirus pandemic, and the research into the mechanism of development of the symptom complex that appears in patients who had COVID-19 (post-COVID syndrome), is a topical issue of modern medicine. Obviously, as the incidence of COVID increases, the number of patients suffering from the post-COVID syndrome increases, too. According to recent estimates, 10 to 20 % of patients who have experienced an acute symptomatic phase of SARS-CoV-2 suffer from the effects of the disease over 12 weeks from the primary diagnosis. COVID-19 has been shown to have a variety of long-term effects on virtually all body systems, including the eye. The ocular surface can serve as a gateway for the virus to enter the body, so that patients experience nonspecific changes in the conjunctiva, cornea, retina, and eye vessels. Thus, the issues of diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 infection itself and, notably, its complications and conditions that have arisen and continue after the disease, are of essential research and clinical interest. SARS-CoV-2 has a negative impact on the state of the vascular wall and contributes to the development of hypercoagulable conditions, which increases the risk of thrombosis and possible complications in the cardiovascular system. The review summarizes the analyses of eye vessels blood flow in patients who have undergone COVID-19.
BACKGROUND: Measurement of intraocular pressure in the presence of combined ophthalmic condition could determine further therapy and prognosis. However, tonometry in corneal diseases could lead to unreliable results. The search for methods for intraocular pressure measurement in these settings is a critical task intended to expand diagnostic capabilities. AIM: Evaluation of the transpalpebral tonometry diagnostic value for intraocular pressure monitoring in patients with corneal conditions of various origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements of intraocular pressure were carried out in 39 patients with glaucoma and/or cataract (mean age 62.34 9.1), with corneal changes due to various ophthalmic conditions: post-traumatic scars; keratotomy scars as a result of refractive surgery; corneal defects due to ulcerative process of various etiology; corneal erosions; bullous keratopathy; deformities and leukomas after surgical treatment of pterygium or exposure to an infectious agent. Intraocular pressure measurement was carried out using several methods: palpation, using rebound and transpalpebral tonometry, in some cases tonometry was performed according to Maklakov method. RESULTS: The averaged data were comparable: palpation; rebound tonometry 23.34 4.7 mm Hg; transpalpebral tonometry 24.27 4.7 mm Hg; and Maklakov tonometry 23.16 5.4 mm Hg. The accuracy and reproducibility of measurement results increased significantly with the improvement of skills in using tonometers. CONCLUSIONS: Transpalpebral tonometry using TVGD-02 tonometer makes it possible to adequately assess intraocular pressure in patients with corneal pathology. The absence of contact during the implementation of technique makes it possible to recognize it as a priority when measuring intraocular pressure in certain categories of patients.
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