manure is collected is not a critical factor, but supernatant water should always cover the manure sludge.3. The water surface area allotted per hen is not a critical factor, although the rate of buildup of solids is dependent upon this area.4. Breakdown and loss of organic matter are considerable in liquid-collected manure. High temperatures (68 and 95°F.) and substantial detention time (56 days) promote this loss of solids. The manure solids remaining are more putrescible as measured by biochemical oxygen demand.5. Organic matter loss is significantly less (P < 0.01) at 45°F. than at 68°F. or 95°F. but there was no difference between 68°F. and 95°F. (P > 0.05).6. Liquid-collected poultry manure has an equilibrium pH of approximately 7.2, and this does not change much with time.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to report preliminary data on the effects of tea and high-protein meal replacement shakes on weight loss, waist-to-hip ratios, and lipid profiles in healthy subjects. Secondary analyses of urine samples assessed pre-post changes in cellular biochemistry, neurochemistry, and microbial metabolism. Methods: This study used a pre-post intervention design without a control group. Thirty healthy subjects (20-60 years of age; 23 women and 7 men) participated in a 28-day diet intervention program consisting of a cleansing day and 6 restricted diet days per week. On cleansing days, the subjects drank 4 oz of tea 4 times per day with a recommendation to drink at least 64 oz of filtered water. On the restricted diet days, the subjects drank 2 high-protein meal replacement shakes, consumed one 400-to 600-cal (1674.3-2511.5 joules) meal consisting of low-glycemic index foods, and drank at least 64 oz of filtered water. Results: Multiple paired t tests detected reductions in weight (6.4 lb), waist (1.9 in), and hip (1.1 in) measurements and in total cholesterol (13.3 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.4 mg/dL) (P b .05). Multiple paired t tests detected significant increases in energy metabolism from carbohydrates and amino acids and concomitant increases in oxidative stress (P b .05). Conclusion: The data support the concept that a low-glycemic load diet intervention incorporating tea and high-protein meal replacement shakes may cause weight loss and Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (2011) 10, 272-282 improve lipid profiles. The significant physiologic changes from the urine samples did not reflect meaningful metabolic effects.
AimThis pilot study evaluates the impact of a novel whey‐based meal replacement shake combined with herbal beverage instead of pure fasting on weight in healthy adults.DesignIn a 28‐day study, a total of 30 subjects, ages 20 to 60, meeting inclusion criteria replaced 2 of 3 meals per day with a whey‐based beverage, consumed a 400–600 kcal meal per day with instruction to avoid foods with high‐glycemic load, and rather than a pure water‐fast 1 day per week, subjects consumed 16 oz of an herbal beverage along with water. Baseline and post‐treatment anthropometric measurements and blood were taken. Subjects completed 100mm visual analog scale (VAS) measuring perception of weight, gastrointestinal upset, and energy level at baseline and day 28; dietary intake and adverse effects were recorded daily in a food diary.StatisticsDependent, quantitative variables were tested for significance using paired t‐tests.ResultsAfter 28 days, subjects lost an average of 6.4 lbs (3.6% of initial body weight), which was statistically significant (p<0.05) from baseline weight (175.9 ± 36.8). Waist and hip circumference decreased by 1.9 and 1.1 inches, respectively and were statistically different from baseline. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly decreased (13.30mg/dL and 11.40 mg/dl), respectively.Products and funding for this study was provided by Isagenix, International
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