A comparative study of the reactivity of 2-iodylbenzoic acid isopropyl ester (IBX-ester), oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate [(PhIO) 3 ·SO 3 ] n , and iodosylbenzene in the oxygenation of anthracene in the presence of metal porphyrin or phthalocyanine complexes is reported. Results of this study demonstrate that oligomeric iodosylbenzene sulfate and the IBX-ester are the most reactive oxygenating reagents that can be used as a safe and convenient alternative to the thermally unstable and potentially explosive iodosylbenzene.
Current data provide evidence that the ability to assess numbers is present not only in adult humans, but also in animals and children of preverbal age. Studies of behavior in infants and animals have demonstrated that the perception of number, the discrimination of quantities, and elementary addition and subtraction appear during onto- and phylogenesis before the appearance of speech. Number perception in humans and animals has common features: the greater the difference between numbers, the easier they are to discriminate; for a given difference between numbers, increases in size lead to increased difficulty in discrimination. Clinical data on counting impairments in patients and functional tomography studies of number operations in healthy subjects have shown that the key structures involved in number perception in humans are located in the parietal cortex. As demonstrated by experiments on monkeys and dogs, recognition of number in these species is also associated with the parietal area of the cortex. The similarity of the morphofunctional bases of "counting behavior" in humans and animals suggests that counting can be regarded as a functional mechanism of adaptive behavior which formed during evolution.
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