The article The article describes in detail the main stages of the diagnosis of voice disorders with an indication of the methods and major errors leading to an incorrect diagnosis. Since in some cases, impaired voice quality is the first and/ or only symptom of concomitant diseases of organs or systems of various etiologies, an expanded diagnostic search is required to make a correct diagnosis. The features of receiving of complaints and medical history from patients with laryngeal diseases, the guidelines for laryngoscopy are described. A description of the laryngoscopic vew is presented, which helps in the diagnosis of the initial stages of Reinke’s edema, hyperplastic laryngitis and early stages of laryngeal cancer. The relationship between the functional and organic pathology of the larynx is very close, it can be difficult to understand the root cause of voice disorder, this leads to incorrect treatment tactics, the progression and relapse of the disease. The causes of laryngeal diseases of an organic and functional nature, the features of the clinical picture and the differential diagnosis of voice disorders are considered. Cases of diagnosis, a clinic of chronic laryngitis, laryngomycosis, and laryngeal cancer are described; the main approaches to the treatment of laryngeal diseases are presented. The article will be useful to otorhinolaryngologists, phoniatricians of outpatient and inpatient care.
The analysis of the causes of the pathology of the vocal apparatus in vocalists is carried out. 136 singers were investigated in age from 23 till 70 years old with length of service from 3 till 42 years. It is shown that the occurrence of diseases of the larynx is affected by the state of the vocal apparatus itself, the volume and intensity of the vocal load. Of great importance is the quality of the singer’s vocal training, his age and length of service, the availability of additional work (concert, pedagogical activity), the correspondence of the performed parts to the singer’s technical and acting abilities, domestic and social living conditions. The structure of voice apparatus diseases also depend on type of singer’s voice and his nervous system status. Prevention of impaired voice function in musical theater vocalists should be aimed at eliminating all provoking factors.
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