In this work, the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles in metals were computed for some metals based on the modified Landau Fermi Liquids Theory using the electron density parameter. The results showed that for each metal, the Landau magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles is higher than the computed magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles and experimental values. This may be due to the fact that the Landau parameter must have been over estimated in its application. The computed magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles is in good agreement with the experimental values of metals available with a remarkable agreement at 0 9 a F . The better estimation of the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles using the modified Landau Fermi Liquid theory were compared with available experimental values. This show that the introduction of the electron density parameter in the Landau Fermi Liquid theory is promising in predicting the contribution of quasi-particles to the bulk properties of metals. The magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles for transition metals is higher than most of the magnetic spin susceptibility of quasi-particles for alkali metals. This suggests that the magnetic spin susceptibility is considerably higher for most transition metals due to the incomplete inner electronic shells as more quasiparticles can be excited which enhances their susceptibility than the alkali metals.
The study was carried out to investigate the bleaching efficiency of chitosan for pigments removal from palm kernel oil (PKO). Chitosan was synthesized from periwinkle shell waste by chemical technique involving demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The bleaching was carried out (batch process) at various adsorbent dosages (1.0-3.0 g). The bleaching adsorbents (Periwinkle Shell Powder, PSP and chitosan periwinkle shell powder, CPSP) were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for their elemental composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to observe the presence of functional groups in the samples. The results obtained revealed alteration in the concentration (wt. %) and distribution of different compositional elements. The broad peak at 3272.6 cm-1 and the absence of bands 1744.4, 1628.8, 1461.1 cm-1 in PSP revealed forming and breaking of bonds in PSP and CPSP. The bleaching process was tested with four different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin – Radushkevich (D-R). The PSP has the higher percentage bleaching efficiency (66.56) while CPSP has 47.05 using 1.0 g each of the biopolymer however 1/n Freundlich isotherm constants which is an indication of adsorption intensity was higher in CPSP (3.4) compare with PSP (2.68). The adsorption process followed D-R in both CPSP and PSP (R2; 0.827 and 0.988 respectively) the mean free energies (EkJ/mol) of both CPSP and PSP (-35.71 and -12.90 respectively) were less than 8 kJ/mol suggesting physical adsorption.
In this paper the modified Landau theory of Fermi Liquids was used to compute the thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of quasi-particles in metals. The result revealed that as temperature increases the thermal expansion of quasi-particles in metals increases in all the metals investigated. It is also observed that as the electron density parameter increases the thermal expansion of quasi-particles increases. This shows that at low density region the thermal expansion of quasi-particles is large. The result obtained for the thermal conductivity of quasi-particles in metals revealed that for all the metals computed the thermal conductivity of quasi-particles decreases as temperature increases. This seems to suggest that as temperature increases the separation between quasi-particles increases because they are not heavy particles hence, the rate of absorbing heat decreases. The computed thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of quasi-particles are in better agreement with experimental values. This suggests that the introduction of the electron density parameter is promising in predicting the contribution of quasi-particles to the bulk properties of metals. This study revealed the extent to which quasi-particles contribute to the bulk properties of metals, which assisted their potential applications in materials science and engineering development.
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