The study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of Betaine Hydrochloride on the thermoregulatory, growth, haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chicks under high ambient temperature because Betaine is a organic osmolyte that can protect the birds from oxidative stress. Betaine Hydrochloride was included at 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 g/kg feed, respectively. One hundred and eighty, one day old Hubbard broiler chicks were allotted into four treatments with three replicates each in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were no differences (p>0.05) in the rectal temperature and heart rate across the treatments. Chicks fed 1.5 and 4.5 g/kg diet Betaine Hydrochloride had better (p>0.05) feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio than birds fed control and 3 g/kg diet Betaine hydrochloride. Haematological and serum biochemical indices were similar (p>0.05) across the treatments. Betaine hydrochloride can be included in the diets of broiler chicks up to 4 g/kg diet to improve growth performance without any detrimental effect on growth, haematological and serum biochemicals.
The aim of this study was to determine the lactation curve traits of White Fulani (WF) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) lactating cows. Wood's gamma and Wilmink's curve parameters were employed to identify the lactation curve types and values for the parameters beginning yield (a) , coefficient of rising (b), coefficient of decreasing (c)t=timeande= is the exponential.The parameter assumed a fixed value derived from a preliminary analysis and disassociated with the time at peak yield were used to determine the shape and type of lactation curve. All Parameters in a typical lactation curves were positive, and in the event of one parameter being negative, the curve was considered to be an atypical lactation curve. Lactation records from WF (n=96)and SG (n=130) cows were recorded in the study area between year 2016-2017. Cows were hand-milked twice per day in the morning and evening from the 5 day post-partum till the end of the lactation period (260-270 days).Prediction equation of milk yield showed R values ranging from (32.00) in the SG to (35.00) in the WF. It was observed that the Wood's model curves were typical while Wilmink's model curves were atypical respectively. For typical lactation curves, a, b, c, persistency (S), time after parturition until the peak yield occurs (T ), maximum daily peak yield (Y ), and coefficient of determination (R ) were - 0.25±0.13, 1.08±0.07, 0.23±0.19, 2.34,51.00,2.62 and 97 for WF lactating cows and - 0.23 ± 0.14,1.13 ± 0.08, 0.07± 0.03, 2.33, 51.26, 2.58 and 96 for SG Lactating cows respectively. Parameters predicted by the Wood's model have the potential of being useful for breeding programmes in the SG and WF cows.
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