This article considers the main materials used to make aircraft, both fuselage and engines. First, the problems that force developers to introduce new materials in aircraft production are identified. We then present features of the introduction of heat-resistant titanium alloys, ways of improving the mechanical properties of parts made of titanium alloys, and methods of manufacturing complex details. Other promising materials for the aviation industry, such as high-entropy alloys, quasicrystals, carbon-carbon materials, and nickel foam, are also considered.
A comprehensive study of the technical parameters and conditions for the synthesis of ternary alloys in the Ti-Zr-Ni system by the “hydride cycle” method was carried out. The influence on the synthesis process of such parameters as: temperature and annealing time, heating rate, cooling conditions, material composition, dispersion, hydrogen content in the hydrides used, the presence of impurities, mixing and pressing methods, and the degree of pressing of the starting components was determined. The alloys of the following compositions were synthesized and investigated: Ti40.5Zr31.9Ni27.6, Ti41.5Zr41.5Ni17, Ti40Zr40Ni20, Ti44Zr40Ni16. The optimal technological parameters and conditions for the synthesis of ternary alloys are determined. It has been established that the key factors in the process of compound formation during hydride dissociation are the dispersion and homogeneity of the initial compacted components. It was found that the synthesis of ternary alloys in the Ti-Zr-Ni system occurs during a short-term exothermic reaction in the “thermal explosion” mode, which begins in the temperature region corresponding to the α↔β polymorphic transformation of zirconium and titanium.
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