Ultrasonography (US) and serology (double diffusion for antigen 5 (dd5» were used for the screening of hydatid disease in 1418 asymptomatic individuals from two provinces in Argentina. A total of 122 positive subjects were identified and in 120of them lesions consistent with hydatid disease were observed at US (98.4%) while only 19 had positive dd5 tests (15.8%). Chest radiography was performed in 647 of the subjects and an additional 4 lesions were found. Surgery was performed in 32 patients, confirming in all of them the sonographic diagnosis. It is suggested that US should be used in the screening for hydatidosis in high-risk populations as well as in follow-up programmes.
The sequential development of the hydatid immunodiagnostic activities of the control program of the Province of Neuquén, Argentina is described. Test results were used to obtain immunological confirmation of clinical cases and to detect asymptomatic cyst carriers amongst residents of rural endemic areas. The information was also valuable for improving the accuracy of prevalence estimates of human hydatidosis and the quality of surveillance data in different areas of the Province, characterized by varying degrees of environmental contamination by Echinococcus granulosus. In population groups examined by radiologic and immunologic methods, the latter detected more cases. When only immunodiagnostic surveys were carried out, mostly liver but also pulmonary hydatidosis cases were detected. This experience illustrates the advantages which may be obtained in endemic areas through the local application of hydatid immunodiagnosis based on arc 5 positivity.
RESUMENEn la República Argentina, la hidatidosis constituye un serio problema que afecta a la salud publica y tiene graves repercusiones socioeconómicas.Las fuertes corrientes urbanisticas han traido consigo el traslado de algunas costumbres rurales hacia los centros poblados. A partir ae ello la hidatidosis en las areas endêmicas ha adquirido importância como zoonosis urbana.Si bien las cifras de infección canina halladas (1.12%) son significativamente inferiores que en las áreas rurales de la misma región, la capacidad potencial de infectar al hombre es muy superior en canes domiciliados en áreas de gran densidad demográfica. Las altas tasas de infección humana halladas son demostrativas de los aspectos señalados.UNITERMOS: Hidatidosis; Zoonosis.
INTRODUCCIONEn la República Argentina, la hidatidosis constituye un serio problema que afecta a la Salud Publica y tiene graves repercusiones so cioeconómicas (3).El hombre y el ganado contraen la hlidati dosis al ingerir los huevos de la tenia Equinocoecus granulosus eliminados en la materia fe cal del perro. Una vez llegados al intestino, el embrión atraviesa la pared intestinal y se pue den alojar en el hígado, pulmones o con menor frecuencia en otros órganos en los que se desar roll a la forma larval o quística del parasito 3 .El perro contrae la enferrnedad cuando in giere vísceras con quistes hidatídicos fértiles. Es tos contienen protoescólices que se transforman en el intestino del perro en tenias adultas, las que comienzan a producir huevos infestantes después de transcurridos 47 a 61 dias 3 .Este ciclo, en el cual los dos eslabones principales son el perro y el ovino, determina que las áreas de mayor ocurrencia de la enferrnedad, y en donde el riesgo de enfermar para el hombre sea mayor, lo constituyan las zonas ganaderas, siendo por lo tanto una zoonosis tipicamente rural.
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