The work is devoted to the study of the insect pollination influence on the qualitative and qualitative indica-tors of the 14 high-productive autofertile Helianthus annuus L. hybrids by five producers, grown under conditions of the Prut-Dniester interfluve. The following components of the oilseed sunflower crop structure were analyzed: dry weight of 1000 seeds, dry weight of the kernel from the basket, dry weight of the husk from the basket, moisture and oil content of the kernel. A two-factor analysis of variance of the sunflower hybrid and the pollination method effects on the kernel oiliness was carried out. It was proved that depending on the characteristics of the hybrid and additional pollination, the oil content in the studied samples varied widely: from 43 to 71%. Hybrids P62LE122 and P64LE25 (Pioneer) are characterized by the lowest oil content. Hybrids SY Neoma, SY Sumatra, SY Experto (Syngenta) and hybrid ES Bella (Euralis) are characterized by the highest oil content., A large variability of the oil content in the seeds extracted from different plant specimens was established for the LG5665M (Limagrain) hybrid. The results of the correlation analysis show a statistically significant relationship between the capitulum diameter and the dry weight of 1000 seeds and the husk from entire capitulum weight. A highly positive statistically significant relationship was established between the diameter of the capitulum and the kernel from entire capitulum dry weight. Under conditions of free insect pollination, it increases from 0.721 to 0.773, which confirms the increase in overall yield. Statistically significant data obtained by means of two-factor variance analysis show an average increase in the oiliness of sun-flower seeds by an average of 5%. On the basis of the obtained results for hybrids SY Experto, ES Bella and MAS87A use of a mobile apiary is recommended to obtain more productive raw materials.
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of invaluable economic, agricultural and environmental importance. However, over the last decades, most countries around the world have faced serious problems of bee health and surviving. The purpose of this study was to analyze the success of A. mellifera colonies wintering in Ukraine (2020–2021). The research was conducted by interviewing practicing beekeepers according to a standardized protocol developed by the monitoring coordinators of the international association COLOSS. The total losses of bee colonies after the winter of 2020–2021 in Ukraine was 15.18%, having increased 1.6 times compared to the last year (9.29%). The mortality rate (8.93%) also increased (after the winter of 2019-2020 it was 5.41%). The rate of fatal problems with the queens (4.58%) increased 2.1 times (after the winter of 2019-2020 - 2.19%), while losses due to natural disasters did not change (1.7%). The highest total losses were recorded in the mixed forest and steppe zones: 23.7% and 21.6% respectively. Mor-tality varied in different physiographic zones from 7.22% to 12.79%; losses due to queen problems ranged from 2.79% to 12.01%. For the first time we found that the loss rate due to queen problems (12.01%) prevails over the mor-tality rate (10.34%) in the mixed forest zone. Significantly higher losses were found in small apiaries (24.63%) com-pared to medium and large (15.29% and 9.80% respectively). The number of beekeepers who treated their colonies for varroosis increased (97.38% compared to 90.6% after the winter of 2019-2020). 15.34% of the respondents treated colonies without prior monitoring and 1.62% of respond-ents, on the contrary, only monitored but did not treat their colonies. 0.87% of beekeepers did not monitor or treat the colonies. The majority of respondents chose drugs based on amitraz (fumigation – 39.95%, plates – 22.54%) and flumethrin (17.29%). Ukrainian beekeepers reduce using of folk remedies for varroosis (2.18% before the winter of 2020-2021, 3.60% – before the winter of 2019-2020 and 6.65% – before the winter of 2018-2019).
Purpose. To estimate honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) colony winter loss rate for Ukraine after the winter 2019–2020 in the context of international COLOSS survey. Methods. Analysis of the results of the survey of Ukrainian beekeepers on A. mellifera colonies survival after the winter 2019-2020 by using the questionnaire developed by the coordinators of COLOSS international monitoring group. Unified approaches to data collection and statistical processing have been used. Valid protocols from 702 respondents from five physical-geographical zones of Ukraine have been analysed. Results. Honey bee colony winter loss rates for Ukraine after the winter 2019-2020 was 9.29%, the mortality rate was 5.41 %; the losses due to unsolvable queen problems – 2.19 %, and due to natural disasters – 1.69 %. The total losses in the steppe zone of Ukraine were 16.08%, significantly exceeding this indicator in the forest-steppe zone (8.94%), the zone of deciduous forests (6.73%) and the Ukrainian Carpathians (8.14%). The most common sign of dead colonies in Ukraine was the presence of a large number of dead bees in or in front of the hive (31.3 %) and unknown symptoms (37,3 %). The majority of Ukrainian beekeepers (50.7%) did not notice any difference in wintering of the colonies going into winter with a new queen in comparison with the old one. Among antivarroa drugs, the majority of respondents preferred products based on amitraz (fumigation – 50.8%, in plates – 15.7%) and flumethrin (20.0%). We confirmed statistically lower level of winter losses in colonies treated with amitraz (fumigation), whereas colonies treated with formic acid (long-term) had higher losses. Conclusions. Honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758) colony winter loss rate for Ukraine after the winter 2019–2020 was 9.29% and decreased slightly compared to the last year (11.18%) and the year before last (11.26%). It was almost twice lower than the average for the countries participating in COLOSS international monitoring (18,1%) (Gray, 2021). The highest losses were observed in the steppe zone of Ukraine, whereas the lowest in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The smaller beekeeping operations with at most 50 colonies suffered significantly higher losses 12.66%) compared to medium and large ones (9.48% and 6.52%, respectively). The number of beekeepers treating colonies against varroosis was 90.6%, and all of them mentioned that they had pre-monitored the level of Varroa infestation.
Introduction. Every year industrial development and economic growth make light pollution worsen on a global scale. It is a well-known fact that artificial outdoor lighting causes destruction of wildlife habitat, impacts circadian rhythms of all living beings, disrupts animal behavior and leads to medical disorders of humans. Over the last decade scientists switched their focus from artificial sky glow over large cities to light pollution of rural landscapes, protected areas and roadways. The purpose of this paper consists in assessing night-time light emissions over Chernivtsi Region as well as over city of Chernivtsi using satellite measurements. Methods. Measurements of night-time light emissions were obtained with the help of GIS web application Radiance Light Trends and the light trends analysis tool. The application allows examination of changes in light pollution across selected areas since 1992 and performs time-series analysis with fitting an exponential curve into the data set. Results. The trend in light emissions observed by satellites for Chernivtsi Region indicated brightening at the rate of 2.45 % per year from 1992 to 2014, and 2.93 % per year from 2014 to 2021. The marked increase in the intensity of atmospheric light pollution over Chernivtsi Region is largely attributable to urban expansion of district centers, national & international routes and resort complexes. At the same time, the spatial pattern of the light environment over city of Chernivtsi indicated a nearly constant level of aggregate annual light radiance for the last 8 years. A large irregularly shaped "light spot" was detected on the territory of the Prut-Siret interfluve. It crosses the region from the northwest to the southeast and covers the regional center with its suburbs and the national highway H-10. The night light radiance constitutes 47.49∙10-9 mW/cm2 sr in the center of the spot and more than 1∙10-9 mW/cm2 sr at its edges. The highest level of light pollution in Chernivtsi Region was registered in January, and the lowest – in March. Night-time light emission over two most illuminated highways remains relatively constant regardless of the season. Conclusion. The study highlights that despite low population and low economic activity, rural landscapes demonstrate a trend towards increasing brightness of the night sky. The findings provide a quantitative reference for light pollution management in the region and for further research in the area.
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