In this paper, the processes of cobalt absorption by soils of Ukraine are investigated by using the electrochemical method of pulsed inversion chronopotentiometry. It has been established that the absorption capacity of cobalt by soil varieties from complexing media is 64–98 %. In solutions of KNO3, NH4OH and CSN2H4 mobile compounds of cobalt are part of [Co(H2O)n]2+, [Co(NH3)n]2+,[Co(CSN2H4)n]2+, and in solutions of Na4P2O7, Na5P3O10 and ЕДТА4– anionic complexes [Co(P2O7)n]2–4n, [Co(P3O10)n]2–5n ³ [CoЕДТА]2– are formed. The cobalt cationic complexes [Co(H2O)n]2+, [Co(NH3)n]2+, [Co(CSN2H4)n]2+ are almost completely absorbed by the soils. Anionic complexes – [Co(P2O7) n] 2–4n, [Co(P3O10) n]2–5n ³ [CoЕДТА]2– largely remain mobile in the soil profile. The sorption effect depends on the charge of the complex ions, their strength and on the steriîìåtric parameters of the complex ions. A close positive relationship was established between the cobalt absorption by soils and the cation exchange capacity of soils, the correlation coefficient was 0,7976, and between the cobalt absorption by soils and the humus content (0,7034). In the study of biohumus, it was found that cobalt goes into the solution of 0,02M ЕДТАNa2 + 0,09M NH4Cl by the mechanism of competitive complexation, its transition to the HCl solution occurs due to the protonization of the functional groups of biohumus with which the metal is bound. Biohumus has rather high sorption properties of cobalt and may be promising for its use as an effective carrier matrix in various combinations with basic fertilizers. Isotherms of sorption or exchange of cobalt for exchange ions of biohumus in various solutions correspond to isotherms of Langmuir single layer adsorption. The method of IIHP analysis is important to use to control the content of trace elements at the level of their trace concentrations necessary for plant development.
Silicon plays the significant role in the growth and development of plants, their resistance to stress conditions. However, there is limited research on the content of various forms of silicon in soils, the relationship with soil cations, which is particularly relevant in the context of intensive agriculture and climate aridization in Ukraine. The purpose of the present study was to determine the content of silicon compounds of different mobility in the arable soils of the Khmelnytsky region, the spatial variation of these parameters, and to detect the dependence between the content of silicon compounds and soil particle size. The study was performed at the area of LLC "Lotivka Elit" of Shepetivka district of Khmelnitsky region in field crop rotation. We determined for soil samples: particle size distribution and content of fractions of granulometric elements of different sizes, pH of salt extraction (1,0 M KCl solution), humus content, calcium and magnesium exchangeable compounds by extraction with 1,0 M KCl solution. The results showed that the content of silicon compounds in soils depends on the particle size distribution of soil, the value of exchangeable acidity, humus content, and the composition of exchangeable cations.
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