In response to the global decline of the White‐clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, key conservation strategies have been developed in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including the supplementation of existing populations and establishment of new populations, using captive‐breeding methods and/or translocations. The South West Crayfish Partnership (SWCP), a group of UK‐based conservation organizations, oversees population‐enhancement programmes in south‐west England. Since 2006 the SWCP has established 16 ark sites (safe refuges) and conducted one river supplementation. In total, 17 sites have been stocked with over 5000 translocated and captive‐hatched A. pallipes, increasing the number of discrete in situ populations in the region by at least 75%. A similar programme in southern Wales, led by Natural Resources Wales, has restocked three river catchments and one English still‐water site with a total of over 4700 captive‐reared juvenile A. pallipes. Although many of these ark sites are newly established, preliminary monitoring results are encouraging; at least 75% of ark sites in south‐west England are currently viable and the three Welsh sites that have been monitored so far suggest continued presence of White‐clawed crayfish.
DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. AbstractWe present the results of a compliance-based excavation on the banks of Peach Tree Creek within the alluvial margin of the Nepean River, Penrith, NSW. The excavations consisted of: i) Two mechanically excavated trenches (3x1 m) in controlled 20 cm spits to depths of 4 m below surface; and ii) a subsequent stage of manual salvage excavation (6 m 2 ) focussing on the artefact-bearing levels indicated by the testing phase. The excavations identified two sedimentary deposits, with the lowest being part of the Cranebrook Formation, a deep alluvial deposit within which artefacts dating to >40 ka have been previously reported. We recovered four indurated mudstone/tuff and two coarse silcrete artefacts, all having characteristics of the late Pleistocene/early Holocene, and which we have OSL dated to >9.5 ka from the upper portion of the Richmond Unit of the Cranebrook Formation (3.5-3.9 m below the surface). Along with a greater understanding of the formation (only a part of which was deposited during the last 50 ka) and recent archaeological discoveries, our results lend increasing support for visitation of the Nepean river corridor by Aboriginal people as part of the initial colonisation of Australia. It remained a key locale for occupation and visitation throughout the late Pleistocene. Finally, we discuss the current NSW State government guidelines for investigating archaeological deposits and identify concerns about their effectiveness and applicability when investigating areas of potentially deep stratigraphy along the banks of the Nepean River.
This thesis investigates the prevalence of anti-Semitism in the British right-wing between the years of 1918 and 1930. It aims to redress the imbalance of studies on interwar British right-wing anti-Semitism that are skewed towards the 1930s, Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists. This thesis is the first to focus exclusively on the immediate aftermath of the First World War and the rest of the 1920s, to demonstrate how interwar British right-wing anti-Semitism was not an isolated product of the 1930s. This work shows that anti-Semitism was endemic throughout much of the right-wing in early interwar Britain but became pushed further away from the mainstream as the decade progressed. This thesis adopts a comparative approach of comparing the actions and ideology of different sections of the British right-wing. The three sections that it is investigating are the “mainstream”, the “anti-alien/anti-Bolshevik” right and the “Jewish-obsessive” fringe. This comparative approach illustrates the types of anti-Semitism that were widespread throughout the British right-wing. Furthermore, it demonstrates which variants of anti-Semitism remained on the fringes. This thesis will steer away from only focusing on the virulently anti-Semitic, fringe organisations. The overemphasis on peripheral figures and openly fascistic groups when historians have glanced back at the 1920s helped lead to an exaggerated view that Britain was a tolerant haven in historiographical pieces, at least up until the 1980s. This thesis is using a wide range of primary sources, that are representative of the different sections of the British right-wing.
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