The main principles of management of the scientific and pedagogical (scientific) team in a higher military educational institution, which ensure the coherence and efficiency of the work of units and individual employees, are considered. Specific conditions for the activities of scientists and scientific units for the structures of the security and defense sector, which should be taken into account when planning scientific work, have been defined. Approaches to the organization of scientific work at a higher military educational institution, which arise from the need to conduct hostilities to repel armed aggression, are described. The priorities that should be taken into account when reviewing the subject of scientific research and the structure of indicators of the results of the scientific activity of scientific teams have been formulated. The expediency of ranking the forms of scientific work by importance in accordance with the actual conditions of functioning of a higher military educational institution is justified. A variant of the distribution of forms of scientific work according to their importance is proposed. The need for periodic review of the degree of significance of various forms of scientific work in relation to others in accordance with the current state of the system of scientific work in a higher military educational institution was noted. The rational sequence of obtaining various forms of scientific products based on the results of the scientific activity of the team is given. The primacy of scientific research in the form of research work as a basis for obtaining scientific products is noted. Approaches to the formation of a matrix of scientific problems and tasks, which will determine the sequence of their solution and contribute to increasing the effectiveness of scientific research in a higher military educational institution in a certain set of their directions, are outlined. The connection between the content of the matrix of scientific problems and tasks and the content of the matrix of practical problems and tasks is noted.
Armored wheeled vehicles (AWVs) are widely used by the security forces for combat and service-combat tasks. Under the influence of the enemy's means of destruction, there is a need to ensure a certain level of survivability of light armored wheeled vehicles in order to preserve its combat capability, save the lives of servicemen and ensure the performance of tasks assigned by units of the forces of the security and defense sector. The methods of using combat wheeled vehicles, their role and place in the performance of combat and service-combat tasks have undergone significant changes in recent times, therefore the list of indicators and criteria of the combat survivability of armored wheeled vehicles needs to be clarified. It is not possible to use the scientific and methodical apparatus, which was developed for other types of weapons and military equipment, in particular, heavy armored vehicles. This is due to the presence of significant restrictions regarding the maximum mass at a given vehicle mobility, the possibility of increasing the angles of inclination of the armor to the expected direction of fire due to their feedback with the useful volume of the vehicle, factors of the acceptable cost of the sample, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the main factors affecting the probability of combat damage of an armored wheeled vehicle were determined, and a set of indicators of combat survivability of BCM was developed. Such indicators are: frontal speed of movement, frontal acceleration, speed of distance from the enemy's fire means, detection distance, degree of duplication. In accordance with the developed indicators of combat survivability, a list of criteria for the combat survivability of armored wheeled vehicles is proposed, which includes: the minimum permissible frontal speed of movement, the minimum permissible frontal acceleration, the minimum permissible speed of moving away from the enemy's means of destruction, the minimum permissible degree of duplication and the maximum permissible distance of BKM detection . The direction of further research is to determine the impact of the combat survivability indicators of BCM on the combat survivability of armored wheeled vehicles under the specified conditions of combat (service-combat tasks).
A shot from a small-arms weapon is accompanied by a sound that helps the enemy to reveal the fact of using the weapon and unmask the location of the shooter, so sound masking is necessary in some cases. To increase the concealment of the use of small arms, devices for reducing the sound level of the shot (PZRZP) and samples of silent (low-noise) weapons are used. Existing models of low-noise weapons and devices for reducing the noise of a shot are mostly designed for defense forces and cannot provide an acceptable level of acoustic concealment in the conditions of fire missions by security forces. Modern manufacturers are proactively developing gunshot noise reduction devices and offer their products illustrating the comparative reduction of gunshot noise with and without the use of a gunshot sound reduction device. In this case, for the conscious choice of devices for reducing the sound level of a shot, it is necessary to have reasonable requirements for the characteristics of the sound of the shot, which ensure the covert use of weapons in certain conditions of the execution of the firing task. Thus, there is a need to improve the methodical apparatus for the formation of requirements for gunshot noise characteristics for the most justified choice of a gunshot sound reduction device from among those offered by the market or being developed or modernized. The article has developed a methodology for the formation of requirements for the characteristics of gunshot noise to ensure covert execution of fire missions by security forces. The specified technique allows you to form requirements for the characteristics of gunshot noise, which ensure covert execution of a firing task in certain conditions, as well as to check the possibility of implementing these requirements on the basis of one or another sample of weapons, taking into account the possibility of correcting gunshot noise parameters and applying sound masking. In addition, the developed technique can be used to form requirements for the technical characteristics of devices for reducing the sound level of a shot and low-noise weapons at the stages of their development and modernization.
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