Human capital is one of the components of national wealth, therefore, its development should be considered as a factor for strengthening the stability of the territory in the formation of regional policy. The authors' analysis shows that the trends in the development of the human capital lead to a decrease in the stability of the region indicated by the aging population, reduced quality of labour potential, the development of negative migration processes and especially its intellectual characteristics and health capital. As the world practice shows, ensuring sustainable development of a region and a country as a whole is not possible without increasing human capital and its potential. Its importance in the modernization of all aspects of public life is growing steadily. According to the World Bank, in developed countries 64% of the structure of national wealth belongs to human capital, 16% to physical one and only 20% to raw materials. In this regard, the human capital and its potential are among the key factors in the transition to an innovative type of development of a region and a country as a whole. Purpose – to identify patterns of changes and trends in demographic processes and socially determined morbidity of the population of the industrial region of Ukraine, their main causes and opportunities to improve the situation Materials and methods. The materials of the study were domestic and world scientific sources, annual collections of statistical data of the Dnipropetrovsk region and Ukraine as a whole from the demographic development and morbidity of the population; annual reports of the country’s leadership and the Ministry of Health on these issues, information from the WHO Regional Office; legislative documents. Methods were used: bibliosemantic, system analysis, retrospective analysis of public health over demographic indicators (fertility, mortality, natural increase, average life expectancy, child mortality) morbidity for individual classes of diseases leading to the largest share of deaths; medical statistics: relative values, time series, assessment of trends in demographic indicators, morbidity, graphic representation of statistical data, computer technologies Results. The development of the human capital of the population, the quantitative and qualitative potential of its reproduction is a condition, a basis and a goal of sustainable development of society and the state. State policy in the field of public life should be focused primarily on solving the most pressing, priority tasks. In recent years, Ukraine has had a problem of depopulation - a steady decline in population. Public health is the main factor in the formation of demographic processes. Moreover, its level largely affects the development of such processes as mortality and fertility as well as future life expectancy. Thus, the health of the nation determines the number and quality of human resources not only today but also in the future. The population, having a certain life and work potential, loses it at every stage of the development of generations due to injuries, diseases, abortion, stillbirth, premature mortality and so on. The article highlights the main problems of the formation of the population of the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine: the intensification of mortality, male mortality, negative natural growth, a decrease in the total fertility rate, high levels of demographic aging. The population of the Vinnytsia region has decreased over the years of independence by 16.9% (Ukraine – by 18.1%). The overall fertility rate decreased by 30.9%, the overall mortality rate increased by 33.0%, which resulted in negative natural growth and depopulation. The main causes of death in 2019 were diseases of the circulatory system – 67.8%; neoplasms – 14.6%; injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external factors – 5.7%. Despite the decrease in the death rate of children under 1 year by 2 times, the number of children in the region has decreased by more than 100 thousand. people. The elderly population increased to 300 ppm, which led to a regressive type of age structure. Average life expectancy lags far behind (by 10 or more years) from the countries of Western Europe. Proposals are presented on how to improve the demographic situation and prevent diseases leading to the greatest number of deaths. Conclusions. While assessing the real opportunities for human development in the future taking Vinnytsia region as an example, we can see that the significant deterioration of all major medical and demographic indicators that has occurred in recent years puts significant limitations on human resources for further sustainable development of the region and Ukraine. Demographic indicators of the population of Ukraine indicate a deep demographic crisis, as a result of which the population has decreased by 9,7mln. people over the years of independence, in the Vinnytsia region – by 667 thousand. There are a number of objective prerequisites for further depopulation, rejuvenation of death rates from most diseases, high levels demographic old age etc. It is necessary to develop a new long-term targeted comprehensive intersectoral program "Health of the Nation", the main section of which should be measures to overcome the demographic crisis, which would cover not only the issues of simple reproduction of the population, but also its development in a broad social context. The target program should include the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and monitor their implementation at the highest level.
Анотація. Стаття присвячена висвітленню однієї із актуальних проблем психології здоров'я-проблеми ставлення молоді до здоров'я. Розкрито поняття ставлення до здоров'я та проаналізовано чинники, що визначають процес його формування, а також розглянуто поняття стану психоемоційного напруження, що характеризується різним ступенем мобілізації нервовопсихологічних функцій організму та на високому рівні може обумовлювати негативні зміни у когнітивному, емоційному, поведінковому чи ціннісно-мотиваційному компонентах ставлення до здоров'я. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз результатів констатуючого експерименту про те, що у молоді з різним рівнем психоемоційного напруження є певні відмінності у ставленні до власного здоров'я, зокрема молодь з високим рівнем психоемоційного напруження характеризується неадекватним ставленням до здоров'я. Ключові слова: здоров'я, ставлення до здоров'я, молодь, критерії адекватного/ неадекватного ставлення до здоров'я, психоемоційне напруження.
In recent years, negative demographic phenomena are growing in Lviv region as well as in Ukraine on the whole. They are manifested in falling birth rates, rising mortality, rising morbidity which are inextricably linked with ecological imbalance and environmental degradation in general. The aim of our research was to identify the features of the degree of stress of the adaptation mechanisms, vegetative status and functional health (of population) of “radiation-clean” Lviv region and compare the results with the results of FEE of “radiation-contaminated” Vinnytsia and Chernihiv regions. We examined 1592 children of different ages and sexes living in Lviv region with the help of functional-vegetative diagnostics (FVD) of vegetative health by the method of V.G. Makats, which allows us to identify indicators of variance of vegetative levels that act as integral bioindicators of internal homeostasis. The bioelectrical activity of 12 symmetrical pairs of functionally active zones of the skin (24 PHASES), 12 on arms and 12 on legs, which reflect the functional activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems was studied. Atmospheric air pollution, drinking water quality, waste accumulation are the main factors that harm the health of the population. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources of pollution in Lviv region in 2019 were 16.7% less than in 2018. The overall dynamics of pollutant emissions in 2000-2019 was characterized by a downward trend, from 108.6 thousand tons in 2000 to 88.9 thousand tons in 2019. In 2019, 1.0% more waste was generated in Lviv region than in 2018. In 2019, 858 kg of waste was generated per capita in Lviv region, that is 99 tons per 1 km2. The Lviv region is not included in the radiation control zone of Ukraine and is considered to be «conditionally clean». While studying the variance of vegetative levels and, accordingly, the functional health of children in Lviv region in 2001-2006, we found that in female and male groups vegetative dynamics had a «sympathetic orientation» (critical functional stress of adaptation), so the percentage of surveyed children included in the zone of increase of sympathetic activity fluctuated from 36% in 2006 to 64% in 2004 in the female group under supervision and from 36,5% in 2003 to 55,7% in 2006 in male that is much higher than 15%. of the norms. The critical advantage of «sympathetic dispersion» is not ideal for functional health, but in this situation it indicates the absence of a «radiation component» of the integrated environmental pressure. Functional and ecological examination of Lviv region in 2001-2006 revealed its relation to the zone of «functional protection tension». We noted an opposite situation during long-term observations of the dynamics of functional health of children in Vinnytsia and Chernihiv regions which belong to the 4th zone of state radiation control. In addition, the children living in these regions were characterized by the development of persistent parasympathicotonia (vagotonia). While analyzing the state of functional health of children due to the vegetative coefficient (kV), which characterizes the adaptive potential of the population, it was found that at a rate of kV 0.95-1.05, which corresponds to the vegetative balance, in all gender groups and in all years of observation it is at much higher levels. Its average value ranged from 1.15 in 2002 to 1.30 in 2004 and 1.19 was the overall average for all years of observation. Speaking about children living in Lviv region, there are changes that reflect the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system towards the predominance of sympathetic regulation, accompanied by increased energy needs.Prolonged predominance of sympathetic regulation leads to depletion of energy reserves and, as a consequence, can provoke the emergence and development of diseases of various etiologies.
Some functions of the human body and human health are characterized by their change over the seasons. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a leading role in adaptation processes. The capacity of the body’s adaptation reserves, efficiency and choice of adaptation strategy, adequate physiological support and maintenance of homeostasis depend on the state of the ANS. With the help of Functional-vegetative diagnostics according to the method of V. Makats, which is officially approved by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, we examined 3439 women of different ages who underwent sanatorium treatment in Ukraine. The bioelectrical activity of 12 symmetrical pairs of functionally active zones of the skin (24 PHASES), 12 on the arms and 12 on the legs, which reflect the functional activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, was studied. It has been shown that the change of seasons leads to changes in functional activity and homeostasis of the organism. In seasonal indicators of the functional systems activity duplicate the line of the norm, differing in amplitude and having the same direction. The study of functional health showed that this indicator is most stable in the group of girls aged 12–15 years old, regardless of the season. In the group of girls aged 3-6 years old, the largest amplitude of fluctuations in functional health is 35.3–77.7%. In the group of adult women, a reduced ability to adapt was found, which was manifested in all seasons of the year and is evidenced by a reduced number of people in the area of functional balance and a significant increase in the area of parasympathetic activity. Despite the unequal nature of changes in the activity of functional systems under the influence of different seasons of the year on female groups of different ages, increased activity of functional systems is compensated by the suppression of other ones and autonomic coefficient remains within normal 0.95–1.05. In a healthy body, changes in physiological processes and functional activity of systems under the influence of such a factor as the change of seasons are easily compensated. A special role belongs to the autonomic nervous system, the activity of which provides an adequate response of the organism to the influence of environmental factors, which indicates the species evolutionary adaptation of man to seasonal changes in climatic conditions.
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