Abstract.The fly ash, from the combustion of coal to produce energy and heat, is industrial waste, which large accumulations represent a serious environmental threat. To reduce the environmental burden and improve the economic benefits of energy production the science and industry focus on the transformation of coal combustion by-products into new functional materials. The fly ash was studied by modern analytical methods. As a result of the hydrothermal reaction several types of zeolites were synthesized from the fly ash: analcime, faujasite (zeolite X) and gismondine (zeolite P). It was shown that the experimental conditions (temperature, reaction time and alkali concentration) have a significant influence on the type of zeolite and its content in the reaction products. The series of experiments resulted in building approximate

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Prevention of pollution and remediation of water systems is one of the global problems of our civilization. The Earth has huge resources and remediation mechanisms for water purification in nature. A human being needs to study and use these mechanisms. Therefore natural sorbents are involved in the technologies of water purification from various pollutions. Natural minerals are affordable and low-cost, have a possibility of a single use, as a rule, they possess an increased selectivity to toxic elements, are resistant to ionizing radiation and a number of other advantages. A high level of modern experimental technologies allows obtaining practically any synthetic material, but the question of the priority (expediency) of using natural mineral raw or synthetic materials is always important. Such discussions have been going on for a long time, for example, about zeolites. As a rule, synthetic material is produced as a result of expensive technologies and rather harmful chemical reagents. At the same time natural mineral raw (zeolites, montmorillonites, opals, etc.) with insignificant and inexpensive modification of their physical and chemical properties can serve as an excellent basis for competitive materials. Since Russia, Romania, Greece and other countries entered the world market, the requirements to both technological and environmental parameters of the products increased. All these facts call for, firstly, profound knowledge on minerals, as carriers of necessary chemical elements and useful properties, features of their real crystal structure; secondly, understanding the mechanisms of changes in the parameters of minerals un- The efforts of applied mineralogists and chemists are combined to produce sorbents that are competitive in the world market. Modern methods were used to study the physical and chemical (technological) properties of natural sorbents. We observed the technologies of modification of analcime-bearing rocks to increase the efficiency of pollution prevention and remediation of aquatic systems. We presented a comparative evaluation of sorption-filtering properties of analcime-bearing rocks and quartz sand to improve the process of purification of drinking and waste water from various types of pollution.

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In this paper new crystalline materials were developed with pronounced electromagnetic properties, derived from titanium minerals, on the base of Academician N. P. Yushkin concept about mineralogical geomaterial science. Titanium minerals (rutile, anatase, ilmenite and others) are carriers of useful components (elements) and unique structures (nanotubes, nanocomposites and others). Titanium minerals were modified by hydrothermal method. The doping of TiO 2 with silver was realized by solgel methods. The modified nanotubes of titanium dioxide by nitrogen and acid treatment were realized to study the influence of parameters (temperature, time of hydrothermal alkaline treatment, acid influence at washing, etc.) over nanomaterials properties. The characterization of minerals and synthesis products was realized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), TEM, SEAD, EDAX, X-ray fluorescence method, atomic force microscope (AFM), etc. We revealed the nature of the phases and the degree of crystallinity of TiO 2-Ag nanocomposites with controlled particle sizes and electronic characteristics. Nanotubes made of TiO 2 are an alternative material for waveguides with high data flow rates, compared to the materials used in fiber technology.

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Abstract. The structure and features of surfaces of clay minerals (kaolin, montmorillonite, etc) have an important scientific and practical value. On the surface the interrelation of processes at electronic, atomic and molecular levels is realized. Availability of mineral surface to external influences opens wide scientific and technical opportunities of use of the surface phenomena, so the research of crystal-chemical and crystal-physical processes in near-surface area of clay minerals is important.After long term researches of gas-clay mineral system in physical fields the author has obtained experimental and theoretical material contributing to the creation of the surface theory of clays. A part of the researches is dedicated to studying the mechanism of crystal-chemical and crystal-physical processes in near surface area of clay mineral systems, selectivity of the surface centers to interact with gas phase molecules and adsorbophysical properties.The study of physical and chemical properties of fine clay minerals and their modification has a decisive importance for development of theory and practice of nanotechnologies: they are sorbents, membranes, ceramics and other materials with required electronic features.