The article discusses the formation experience of the fuel and energy complex of Eastern Siberia. Based on the analysis of a large number of archival materials, it is shown how enterprises of oil and gas production, coal industry, and hydropower were built under the conditions of the controlled and planned economy. The geography of Eastern Siberia contemplated the construction of powerful industries, which became natural monopolies under the new economic conditions. The coal industry was mostly privatized. Today, the enterprises producing and processing oil, gas, and hydropower operate in the frame of private-public partnership. Siberia has never experienced a shortage of electricity. Its cost was low; therefore, the enterprises were highly profitable. The market economy identified new trends: strengthening of the export-orientedness of the enterprises in the energy sector; attraction of foreign investment into organizing the construction of the newest enterprises; rapid introduction of new technologies; and increase in the uneven development of the region. Summary of historical experience can serve as a source of understanding of modern economic realities.
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