The improvement of economic efficiency and reproduction of soil fertility require today a comprehensive study, qualitative characteristics, quantitative and cost assessment of the land. A certain imbalance exists today in the use of land and the preservation of soil fertility. Certification contributes to the rapid development and adoption of management decisions, as well as operational monitoring of agricultural landscapes. The subject of the research is the main integral indicators of soil fertility and degradation processes of agroecological monitoring in the system of land evaluation procedures within the steppe landscapes of the Western Ciscaucasia. The authors have identified the need for a number of measures: to analyze the structure of the lands of administrative districts, which are part of the IV accumulative plain landscape of the Chelbas and Beisug rivers basins with plowed steppes in 2017, to monitor the main integrated indicators of soil fertility of agricultural land steppe landscapes of the Western Ciscaucasia, to substantiate the approval of form “Passport of quality of soils of Krasnodar territory» by legislation.
Background: The studies were carried out on the Maryano-Cheburgolsky irrigation array in the Krasnoarmeisky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Aim: This work aims to study the oxidation-reduction processes and activity of iron compounds in meadow-chernozem and meadow-boggy soils of rice agrocenoses of the Kuban region. Methods: Soil samples were taken from paddy fields occupied by rice and perennial grasses, in which the pH value, redox potential (Eh, mV), magnetic susceptibility (χ×10-3 S.I. units), and the content of active iron compounds (FeO and Fe2O3, mg/100 g) were determined. Results and Discussion: The reductive processes created in the soils of rice fields after flooding led to the transformation of poorly soluble Fe2O3 compounds into more active reaction forms of FeO. The maximum content of FeO and the minimum amount of Fe2O3 were recorded during the period of negative Eh values. The maximum reduction of iron in meadow-boggy and meadow-chernozem soils was achieved by the phase of flowering of rice plants at Eh = -127, pH = 7.36 units, rH2 = 10 and Eh = -152...-167 mV, pH = 6.89-7.10 units, rH2 = 9, respectively. Conclusions: In the soil of permanent rice cultivation, the dynamics of Eh and iron compounds are similar to the fields of rice crop rotation. In non-flooded soils of rice fields under perennial grasses, the oxidative regime prevails, and the transformation of iron compounds is not expressed. The minimum values of χ coincide with the maximum content of ferrous iron in soils at negative Eh values, which corresponds to the rice flowering phase. Correlation coefficients of χ with Eh, FeO, and Fe2O3 equal from +0.66 to +0.75, from -0.69 to -0.84, and from +0.74 to +0.77, respectively. The χ value increases in the soil under crops of perennial grasses with a predominance of oxidative processes. The correlation coefficient between χ and Fe2O3 equals from +0.83 to +0.90.
The work studied the effect of various concentrations of an innovative zinc-copper chelate compound on rice plants as a microfertilizer, which was invented at the Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin. The effect of foliar feeding of plants and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the studied microfertilizer on the growth and development of rice plants in laboratory and vegetation experiments was studied. The toxic effect of copper-zinc chelated fertilizer was revealed at its concentration above 0.05%. It was found that when processing rice seeds with 0.001%, 0.005% and 0.01% solutions of microelements, their germination energy increased by 6.8%, 8.2% and 6.8%, respectively, laboratory germination under these conditions reached 97.0%, 96.0% and 98.8%, respectively, which exceeded the control option by 3.2%, 2.1% and 5.1%.
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