Aim. The necessity to develop new domestic hazelnut cultivars with the nuts of a globular shape and well-adapted to local conditions, and serious lagging behind of local hazelnuts production which has both to satisfy nut consumption needs and to provide processing industry, and first of all its confectionary branch, with raw material, and also to create the foundation for entering foreign markets, motivated the search for the accelerated breeding methods of this valuable plant. Methods. The research was carried out in the years of 2012–2016 on a hazelnut nursery which belongs to the department of genetics, breeding and reproductive plant biology of the National dendrological park “Sofiyivka” of Ukraine’s NAS. A crossing scheme included several local and introduced cultivars and representatives of C. chinensis Franch., which were used due to their being a source of large nut its, high content of raw protein and oil and large output of kernels in the nuts. The production technology of hazelnut in the trial was standard for the Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. Results. A new breeding scheme, which included the elements of accelerated breeding in addition to traditional stages of choosing pairs for hybridization, crossing and evaluation of the seedlings of the first F1 generation, comprehensive evaluation of chosen seedlings in the orchard of preliminary cultivar studying, preparation of the best of them for the expertise with the aim of further submission to the State registry of the cultivars suitable for cultivation in Ukraine, was worked out. In particular, it is the accelerated passing of breeding material through the stages for 3–4 years, which is possible at the stage of growing seedlings of the first F1 generation in a hybrid orchard (1–2 years) and accelerated layering propagation of the best seedlings (1–2 years). Due to the fact that a wide spectrum of splitting as to numerous economic-valuable indicators was observed both in seed progeny and from controlled crossings and from free pollination, promising forms from 44 seedling populations were chosen for successive hybridization cycles and cultivar studying aimed at further use in polyclonal plantations where interclonal pollination would be possible. This made it possible to receive valuable hybrid seedlings with globular fruits, one of them started fruiting in the third year after crossing; now it is propagated as cultivar Sofiyivskyi 15. Although in the first year this seedling developed only female flowers, it did not prevent from doing organoleptic evaluation of fruits, resulted from crossed free pollination. Conclusions. The efficiency of a hazelnut breeding scheme, worked out by us and which included the best cultivars of the collection of NDP “Sofiyivka” in controlled crossings and the representatives of Chinese hazelnut C. chinensis, that were used because of their large fruits and high content of raw protein and oil, and the accelerated passing of the selection material through the stages of the scheme for 3–5 years, was confirmed by the development of valuable breeding material, and candidates to become cultivars were chosen from it, namely 'Sofiyivsky 15' which started fruiting on the third year after crossing and was characterized by adaptability and a globular shape of fruits. Keywords: Corylus spp., cultivar Sophiyivsky 15, hazelnut hybrids, nut crops, sporophytic self-incompatibility, S-allele of the self-incompatibility genes.
To evaluate hazelnut cultivars, species and hybrids from the genetic collection of Corylus spp. in the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the NAS of Ukraine for the complex of economic characters. An attempt has been made to analyze the information on Corylus spp. identity, taxonomy and description, dissemination and ecological requirements of the species, possibilities to use the genetic potential for developing new cultivars. Methods. The value of the Corylus spp. collection representatives was investigated using conventional testing procedures. For summarizing information concerning phylogenetic reconstruction of the Corylus L. genus and hazelnut, a number of scientific publications to be proposed for discussion was analyzed. The oil content in hazelnut kernels and the fatty acid composition was determined using official methods. Results. The best samples of hazelnut genetic collection were included into the broad hybridization programme, and C. chinensis Franch. representatives as well. A number of hybrid seedlings was obtained including new hazelnut cultivars 'Sofiyivsky 1', 'Sofiyivsky 2' and 'Sofiyivsky 15' which were characterized by spherical or almost spherical fruits, high winter hardiness and drought resistance, as well as the absence of rhythmicity in fruiting. Conclusions. The collection of varieties, forms, cultivars and species of the Corylus L. genus created during the last years can be the base for hazelnut breeding in Ukraine.
Вивчення морозостійкості хурми (Diospyros spp.), зокрема представників D. lotus L., D. kaki Thunb. та D. virginiana L., а також їхніх сортів та гібридів, пошук і підбір джерел та донорів адаптованості до умов підсоння України було визначено метою досліджень. Матеріали і методи. Роботу виконували в садах дослідного господарства «Новокаховське» Інституту рису НААН України (Херсонська область) з постійним моніторингом температури ґрунту та повітря. Цінність окремих представників Diospyros spp. досліджували з використанням загальновживаних методів, звертаючи увагу на їхню стійкість щодо пошкодження морозами. Результати та обговорення. Отримані протягом екстремальних зимових сезонів 2005-2006 та 2011-2012 рр. дані засвідчили, що в екологічних умовах України сорти й форми, що походять від D. virginiana, суттєво переважали за морозостійкістю представників D. lotus і D. kaki та їхні потомства. Отримано ряд гібридних сіянців хурми, кращі з яких підготовлено до подання до Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин для державної науково-технічної експертизи з метою визначення їхньої придатності до поширення в Україні, зокрема нові сорти 'Божий дар', ' Дар Софіївки', 'Пам'ять Черняєва', 'Соснівська' і 'Чучупака', які характеризуються підвищеною зимостійкістю порівняно з японськими та європейськими сортами. Решта гібридних сіянців хурми буде використовуватись як вихідний матеріал для селекції на морозостійкість. Висновки. Створена вподовж майже 30 років у дослідному господарстві «Новокаховське» Інституту рису НААН України сорто-формо-видова колекція Diospyros spp. може стати базовою для селекції хурми, адаптованої до ґрунтово-кліматичних умов України.
A brief history of studying Amelanchier Medik. genus is represented in a retrospec tive discourse. Besides, the analysis of current state of its taxonomic and systematic studies. The reasons that complicate the identification of plants, as well as the structure of the genus system, are defined. The most convenient taxonomic features of the genus are named. The controversial issues of the genus system are discussed, based on the classical, molecular and genetic positions. The analysis of the available publications and electronic databases on the taxonomy of species Amelan chier enabled us to state their ambiguous interpretation and, in effect, reduce the number of recognized species of the excepted status in the genus composition. We can assume that the revealed tendencies concerning the clarifying status of the species indicate the change of views on the taxonomy of the Juneberry. In terms of the concept of the species, its converted rank as a monotypic species to the polytypic (monophyletic) species is evident with the smallest number of distinctive features. A more thorough study shows manifestation of the species variability in its process of adaptation to environmental factors. Differences on species and intraspecies classification of the genus found in various publications point to incompleteness of its system and the necessity for further research using both modern and traditional methods.
The plant collections of the NDP “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine including accessions of the subtribe Malinae Rev., formerly the subfamily Maloideae C. Weber (Rosaceae Juss.), are the objects for research in the field of plant introduction and phytodiversity protection. Because of the significant number of park’s holiday-makers, which are not always careful about plants, the posttraumatic regenerative ability of plants is of particular importance for adaptation and periods of the highest regenerative activity could be favourable for vegetative reproduction, including microcloning. Thus, Malinae of the “Sofiyivka” might be useful for germplasm conservation and utilization in the breeding programs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.