The paper considers the statistics of intervals between neutron registration by the detecting system based on fission ionization chamber KHT31-1, statistics of intervals between noise signal impulses in absence of neutrons and possibility to distinguish neutron flows from different sources. It is shown that spurious noise signal from alpha decay of 234U in a radiator of the ionization chamber KHT31-1 can be used as a reference signal in measuring neutron fluxes from different sources. The analysis of long-term continuous sets of measurements is taken as a basis of mathematical treatment.
The detection unit contains two neutron detectors — fission chambers KNT-31 or KNT 31–1, in which the radiator sensitive to neutron radiation is 235U (concentration of 235U in the radiator is more than 90%). The detection unit also includes two radiation- resistant preamplifiers (primary electronic equipment), which are connected to the cable transmission line to the secondary equipment, which captures the moment of pulses from the reaction of neutrons with the fission chamber radiator and save information about the time of these pulses. Further processing of the intervals between neutron events (intervals between pulses) can be done according to individual methods of the experimenter. The presence of a data processing unit type B-471 significantly expands the capabilities of the experimenter on the conclusions of statistical analysis of data and forecasting the development of emergencies in fuel-containing materials of the Shelter object. The presence of time intervals in the nanosecond range of values with sufficient probability can be classified as pulses of registration of instantaneous fission neutrons, and a change in their number may indicate a change in the effective multiplication factor of fuel containing materials. The analysis of the statistical properties of the flow of neutron event recording intervals by the electronic equipment makes it possible to predict the occurrence of a self-sustaining chain reaction. This is the main task of the Shelter object nuclear safety system. The proposed configuration of the CPI is promising and can be expanded by the number of fission chambers and electronic neutron detection units for more accurate diagnosis and prediction of the state of fissile nuclear materials.
Cluster decay, as a special type of radioactive decay, up to date, is widely investigated. Nevertheless, until now, this activity is restricted: from one side by the possibilities of theoretical analysis, where some success is obtained for light nuclei only; and from another side only by experiments for nuclei defragmentation in searching for fission on magic nuclei. However, standard methods of radiometry and statistical analysis have not yet been applied. Such possibility can be realized by searching for acts of cluster decay as a rare event on an array of alpha-decay acts of actinides, which are recorded by industrial ionization fission chambers. The scheme of the experiment is discussed, which consists in the registration of every act of alpha-decay, against the background of which it is possible to detect the presence of nuclear clusters based on isotopes of 12,14С, 20О, and others, which can be formed in the decay of 234,235U. The requirements for electronics and the background conditions for such an experiment are discussed in detail.
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