Erosion increases the susceptibility of enamel to toothpaste abrasion. Dentine is considerably more susceptible than enamel to erosion and abrasion alone or combined. Dentine loss appears to correlate with toothpaste abrasivity (RDA value).
Sales of soft drinks has been increasing by 56% over the last 10 years and are estimated to keep rising at about 2-3% a year. Further, the reported incidence of tooth erosion has been increasingly documented. Whilst these factors could well be linked, many individuals with erosive diets are not presenting with erosion. This would suggest the effects of many variables, hence the aim of these investigations. Methodologies included preparing enamel and dentine samples from unerupted human third molars. Groups of five specimens were placed in citric acid over a temperature range of 5-60 degrees C for 10-min exposures; placed in citric, lactic, malic or phosphoric acid (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% (w/v)) for 10-min exposures; and placed in the same three organic hydroxy acids at 0.3% (w/v) or phosphoric acid at 0.1% (w/v) for 3 x 10-min exposures. Tissue loss was determined by profilometry. Results showed that increasing temperature, concentration and exposure time increased the erosion of dentine and enamel. This study has shown that under highly controlled conditions, erosion of dentine and enamel by dietary acids can be greatly influenced in vitro by temperature, concentration, type of acid and exposure time. These factors could be employed in order to reduce the erosivity of soft acidic drinks.
Previous research, mainly on enamel, supports a protective role for salivary pellicle against erosion. Pretreatments have tended to be lengthy (24 h or more) and of questionable relevance to the regular intake of acidic food and drink by many individuals. The aim of this study in vitro was to determine the protective effect of salivary pellicle formed on enamel and dentine over time periods up to 4 h. Flattened, polished human enamel and dentine specimens were pretreated with unstimulated human saliva from a single donor for 2 min, 30 min (enamel only), 1, 2, or 4 h. Controls were exposed to water for the same times. Specimens were then exposed to 0.3% citric acid, pH 3.2 for 10 min with stirring. This cycle was carried out 12 times. Tissue loss was measured by profilometry after 3, 6, 9 and 12 cycles. For enamel, statistically significant protection was found at ≧1 h. For dentine, significant protection was achieved at 2 min. Salivary pellicle offered proportionately greater protection to enamel than dentine. Cautiously extrapolating these in vitro data suggests that pellicle should offer erosion protection to individuals who imbibe acidic drinks at frequencies of 1 h or less.
malic or phosphoric acid (0·05, 0·1, 0·5, and 1% SUMMARY Sales of soft drinks has been increasing (w/v)) for 10-min exposures; and placed in the same by 56% over the last 10 years and are estimated to keep rising at about 2-3% a year. Further, the re-three organic hydroxy acids at 0·3% (w/v) or phosported incidence of tooth erosion has been increas-phoric acid at 0·1% (w/v) for 3 × 10-min exposures. ingly documented. Whilst these factors could well Tissue loss was determined by profilometry. Results showed that increasing temperature, concentration be linked, many individuals with erosive diets are not presenting with erosion. This would suggest the and exposure time increased the erosion of dentine and enamel. This study has shown that under highly effects of many variables, hence the aim of these investigations. Methodologies included preparing controlled conditions, erosion of dentine and enamel and dentine samples from unerupted hu-enamel by dietary acids can be greatly influenced in man third molars. Groups of five specimens were vitro by temperature, concentration, type of acid placed in citric acid over a temperature range of and exposure time. These factors could be employed 5-60°C for 10-min exposures; placed in citric, lactic, in order to reduce the erosivity of soft acidic drinks.
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