The study assessed the risk of exposure of shore-based and ship-based maritime workers to the spread of covid-19 pandemic by estimating the level of human-infective covid-19 pathogen-hosts to which the maritime workers are exposed per square kilometer of travel to-and-fro the ports; in the course of their routine travel interactions between the urban cum sub-urban built environments and the seaports as the domain, base and major host of most maritime operators. With the aim of providing knowledge to achieve the objective of flattening the curve of transmission of covid-19 between the maritime sector and other build environment types; the study identified the urban centers and the suburbs in the port cities comprising the Western, Eastern and Delta ports in Lagos, Warri and Onne/Port-Harcourt respectively as the covid-19 hotspots in each maritime region in Nigeria. It used the proximity model to analyze secondary data on confirmed covid-19 cases in each city to estimate the risk of exposure of maritime workers in each port zone to the spread of the covid-19 pandemic based on the proximity of the maritime port zones to the urban centers and the suburbs as covid-19 hotspots. It developed an exposure risk matrix for the Nigeria maritime industry as health safety guide for maritime workers in the course of their travel interaction from the port to-and-fro the city centers and sub-urban built environments.
Article 56 section 1 sub-section b(iii) of the United Nations Convention on Laws of the sea (UNCLOS), among other things identifies protection and preservation of the marine environment as a key role which coastal states must perform. While UNCLOS gave sovereign rights of ownership of certain zones in the oceans to coastal states, to fulfill their sociopolitical and economic interests in the use of the oceans and its resources, it also provides that it is the undisputable duty of coastal states to manage their claimed portions of the ocean/marine environment and more importantly, protect the environment from pollution, particularly, pollution from oil and gas (O&G) resources. The total quality management approach to safety management views safety progammes and policy implementations as investments, and emphasizes that such investments must be able to yield economic returns among others. The aim of the study therefore is to determine the economic implications of coastal oil spill induced losses to the Nigerian economy in order to estimate the economic impacts that coastal management programmes of agencies has had. The study adopted the natural resources damage assessment model, using data collected from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country (OPEC) and National Bureau for Statistics (NBS), to determine the oil spill induced revenue losses to Nigeria from 1984 to 2012. It was found among other things that within the period covered in the study, 1984 -2012, the Nigerian economy lost estimated 3,928,260,196 naira revenue due to oil spill. This amount is not inclusive of remediation cost, third party costs and impact on the environment. Proactive use of technology for coastal oil pipeline and drilling platform surveillance was recommended.
Abstract:The aim of the study is to evaluate the economic loss of vessel-based marine accidents to Nigeria and the impact on marine transport sub-sector output and/or performance. Time series data of 30 years were gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, the Nigeria insurance digest, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) annual statistical report. The contribution of marine transport to the Gross Domestic Product (Y), shipping accident economic loss (X 1 ), economic losses of offshore oil and gas (O&G) drilling accidents (X 2 ), and marine oil spill accidents economic losses (X 3 ) were obtained and used as the explanatory(independent) variables. The data was analyzed using multiple regression method with Y as the dependent variable. The hypotheses were tested using t-test. The findings of the study indicates that shipping accidents economic losses and economic losses of offshore oil and gas drilling accidents shows significant impact on the output of the marine transport sub-sector over the period covered by the study. The model expressing the quantitative relationship between GDP marine transport (Y), shipping accidents economic loss (X 1 ), economic loss of offshore oil and gas drilling accidents (X 2 ) and marine oil spill accidents loss (X 3 ) is: Y = 332156363.1 + 0.167X 1 + 0.837X 2 + 0.203X 3 + e. it was recommended that investment in safety policies and standards be improved with greater focus in reducing accidents induced economic losses in shipping and offshore O&G drilling maritime operations.
The study provided economic justification for private sector investment in developing, revitalizing and making operable, the rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria. It estimated the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of investment in each of the ten rail-freight-corridors consisting of existing but inoperable and proposed rail routes from the major seaports to the Inland container depots in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Secondary data on the import and export (cargo generation) capacities of each of the ICD regions to and from the respectively connected hub-seaport were obtained from the Nigerian ports authority statistical report covering a period of two years (2018 – 2019) based upon which the annual expected revenue earnings of the operators were estimated. The cost of investment was also obtained. Benefit-Cost-Ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) were used to estimate the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of each rail route. It was found that six of the rail routes have BCR > 1; and NPV>0; implying higher operator-benefits over costs within the period while four of the rail-routes have BCR <1; and NPV <0; implying higher operator-costs over benefits.
The study analyzed the major component determinant attributes of airport service quality in Nigeria with a view to establishing the priority service quality attributes/factors which airport authorities in Nigeria should follow in improving airport service quality and utility derivable from consumption of airport services by airlines and passengers. Using the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport (NAIA), Abuja and the Murtala Mohammed International Airport (MMIA), Lagos as case studies, the study employed questionnaire as a survey instrument to generate primary data used for the study. The survey instrument was calibrated to elicit responses from airlines staff and air passengers in the two airports on what service quality attributes among the five consolidated attributes of responsiveness, reliability, tangibles, empathy and assurance contribute significantly to their judgment about airport service quality in each airport in line with the SERVQUAL model. The principal component factor analysis (PCFA) was used to analyze the data obtained from the survey and the major significant determinant attributes of airport service quality where determined from the perspectives of both the airlines and air passengers as major consumers airport services in Nigeria.
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