Hydatid disease, a parasitic infection is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It has serious impact on health and economy especially in countries where it is endemic. It occurs frequently in liver and lung. The disease is chronic and cyst can localize in different organs. A hydatid cyst occurrence in the head and neck is extremely rare. To know the distribution of disease can help in its control and prevention. We report a case of primary cervical hydatid cyst in 20 year old female. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose hydatid cyst in rare locations like this. Hydatid cyst should be considered in differential diagnosis of benign swellings of head and neck region, so that it can be managed during surgery to prevent acute anaphylaxis.Virtual slidesThe virtual slides’ for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4915595218376646

<p class="Abstract">The advantageous effects of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> juice on depressive model mice were examined utilizing a blend of behavioral evaluations and biogenic amine neurotransmitter estimations. During the behavioral evaluations, immobility time on the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were measured in unstressed and immobilization-induced stressed mice. <em>V. vinifera</em> juice (4 mL/kg and 8 mL/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in immobility time of both unstressed and stressed mice when compared with their respective saline-treated control groups in both paradigms. Neurotransmitters were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector.<em> V. vinifera</em> juice raised the levels of both serotonin (p&lt;0.001) and noradrenalin (p&lt;0.001) in brain tissue. These outcomes give significant mechanistic insights into the protective effect of <em>V. vinifera</em> juice against depressive disorders. Our results showed that<em> V. vinifera</em> juice could relieve depressive manifestations in the rodent model of depression.</p>

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Background: Drug dosage calculation and administration is important function of nurses. The key professional role of nurses is to ensure safe drug dosage calculation while performing medication administration. Medication errors are a common cause of adverse events that may result due to wrong drug dosage calculation. The assessment of nurse's knowledge related to drug dosage calculation has not been conducted at the time of commencing their employment in the study hospital. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the drug dosage calculation knowledge and proficiency among our newly hired nurses before and after the training session. Method and design: Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was selected using pre and post-test to assess the newly hired nurse's knowledge and proficiency related to drug dosage calculation. Data was collected after IRB approval at private tertiary hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan. Sample: Purposive sampling technique was adopted (n=135) all nurses on their commencement of employment from July 2016 to October 2016 participated in the study after the informed consent. Findings: The study results showed the significant improvement in drug dosage calculation knowledge and proficiency among the study participants while comparing pre-test and post-test results. Conclusion: The study concluded in the light of pre-test and post-test results that there is an intense need to review the nurse's drug dosage calculation knowledge and proficiency at the time of employment as nurses are key player in drug preparation and administration.

The cosmetic treatment strategies have been considerably popular over the last few decades among the population with respect to age, gender, and ethnicity. These procedures are easily accessible safer, minimally invasive, and more precise. Botox therapy is one of the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Thus, the current study was accomplished to assess the knowledge of female students towards Botox therapy for beautification as well as for therapeutic purposes. The study was conducted form June 2018 to December 2018 in different medical colleges and universities of Karachi-Pakistan. Overall, three hundred and eighty-six female students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal the students' demographic information. Pearson's chi-squared test was carried out to estimate the relationship between independent variables and responses. The response rate was 77.2%. The mean age of study participants was 26.44±3.33 years. The findings of the present study revealed that 58.3% of the participants were aware of Botox therapy and found it effective in cosmetology. The unexpected side effects, high procedure costs, and lack of cosmetologists were thought to be the main reasons that limit people from using Botox in Karachi-Pakistan.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of hydroalcoholic extract Agaricus blazei (273 and 819 mg/kg; orally) in stressed and unstressed Swiss albino mice. Mice were immobilized to induce stress. Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg orally was given to stressed and unstressed animals and immobility time was noted by using forced swim test and tail suspension test. The concentration of plasma nitrite was also evaluated in stressed and unstressed mice. The effect of prazosin (α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), p-CPA (parachlorophenylalanine–tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor) and 7-nitro-indazole (nNOS inhibitor) on the antidepressant activity of A. blazei was also evaluated. A. blazei and fluoxetine significantly decreased the duration of immobility time in stressed and unstressed mice, showing significant antidepressant activity. No substantial change was found in the locomotor activity. However, a significant reduction in the level of plasma nitrite was also noted in stressed mice. Hydroalcoholic extract showed prominent antidepressant activity in mice.