Jamur merupakan salah satu komponen ekosistem yang berperan penting dalam mendukung keberlangsungan siklus kehidupan di dalam hutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jamur makroskopik pada kawasan hutan wisata di Desa Tiang Tarah, Kabupaten Bangka. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan menelusuri jalur wisata yang terdapat dalam kawasan hutan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 44 jenis jamur makroskopik berbeda yang termasuk ke dalam sepuluh ordo dari filum Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota. Keseluruhan jamur tersebut termasuk ke dalam Basidiomycota dan Ascomycota. Genus Marasmius merupakan jamur yang paling beragam pada lokasi penelitian. Jamur ini merupakan salah satu jenis jamur yang banyak ditemukan pada daun mati dan serasah hutan. Keberadaan jamur makroskopik di hutan sangat penting sebagai komponen ekosistem tersebut. Kata kunci: Bangka; fungi makroskopik; hutan; keanekaragaman; Marasmius ABSTRACTDiversity of macroscopic mushrooms in the tourism forest of Tiang Tarah Village, Bangka Regency. Fungi is one of the ecosystem components that plays an important role in supporting the sustainability of the life cycle in the forest. This research aimed to identify the species of macroscopic fungi in the tourism forest area in Tiang Tarah Village, Bangka Regency. The research was conducted in an exploratory manner by tracing the tourist route in the forest area. The results found as many of 44 different macroscopic fungus belongs to ten orders from the phyllum of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The whole fungus were belong to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The genus Marasmius was the most diverse fungi in the study area. This fungus is a type of fungus that is commonly found in dead leaves and forest litter. The presence of macroscopic fungi in the forest is very important as a component of the ecosystem. Keywords: Bangka; diversity; forest, macroscopic fungi; Marasmius
Abstract. Dalimunthe NP, Alikodra HS, Iskandar E, Atmoko SSU. 2021. The activity budgets of captive orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in two different Indonesian zoos. Biodiversitas 22: 1912-1919. In nature, orangutans spent most of the activity budgets for foraging. It is presumed that orangutan in captivity carries out different activities. This study aimed to investigate the activity of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in different zoos with different types of cage according to their design, enrichments, and diets. It was conducted at two different Indonesian zoos, namely Ragunan Zoo (TMR) and Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI). The study used a total of 11 orangutans. From each zoo, orangutan individuals from each zoo and each age and sex class (adult male, adult female, and juvenile/juvenile) were used in the present study. The activity budgets were compared between age-sexual classes, cage types, and weekday-holiday categories. Environmental enrichment analysis was also used. The total observation time in this study for each individual was 4,500 minutes. The adult male had more resting activity than other groups, while the juvenile group showed a higher percentage of social, moving, and feeding activities. It was also observed that there were different activity budgets between individuals in a separate cage and week-holiday groups. Overall, it was assumed that the difference in orangutan activity budgets was influenced by cage types, individual arrangements, and environmental enrichment. Meanwhile, a juvenile showed a higher percentage of enrichment using. Enrichment was influenced by cage type and individual arrangement.
Diet is one of the most important factors for growth, reproduction, and survivability of animals against disease. It is very important to conduct an animal welfare assessment in an effort to improve and optimize care management of orangutan in the zoo. Assessment of optimization of orangutan diet management carried out by analyzing several parameters, including the type and amount of food, nutrient content of food, time, and place for feeding and fulfillment of animal nutrition. The orangutan diet management research methods carried out in this study include direct observation, interviews, and literature study. The nutrient content of the food was analyzed by proximate analysis while the nutritional fulfillment of orangutans was analyzed by Nutrisurvey software. The results showed that feeding in Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI) carried out once a day in the morning at the sleeping cage, while in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR) was twice a day in the morning and evening at the sleeping cage. Both zoos provided higher amounts of fruit than the vegetable, primate biscuits, and tubers. The amount of diet nutrition given to orangutans in TMR and TSI was higher than the daily nutritional needs of orangutans. In an effort to create the orangutan welfare in the zoo, it is necessary to optimize the application of diet management in aspects of time, place, and frequency of feeding and consideration of the nutritional need of each individual.
The community's active involvement in resolving issues and challenges in the field determines the effectiveness of the conservation initiative. A socialization program with the focus on wildlife conservation is required to enhance awareness and conservation efforts for the neighborhood surrounding the Bukit Mangkol Forest Park. The objective of this community service is to raise the younger generation's understanding and awareness of environmental preservation, particularly with regard to the typical Bangka Belitung wildlife found in the Bukit Mangkol Forest Park. Socializing and discussing are the methods of community service. The socialization's outcomes demonstrated that there was an improvement in participant understanding of wildlife threats, wildlife conservation strategies, and actual action taken by participants to protect nature for sustainable development.
The primate species of Bangka Belitung such as Mentilin are categorized as endangered species and are constantly under threat as a result of poaching and habitat destruction. Various conservation efforts have been carried out, one of which is by touching the aspect of public education. However, there has been no specific research on the community's response to primate conservation in Bangka Island. This study aimed to determine the level of public knowledge of primates typical of Bangka Belitung and to determine public perceptions of conservation efforts for primates typical of Bangka Belitung. The research method was carried out by surveying respondents from five different villages in Bangka Island, namely Zed Village, Kemuja, Payabenua, Petaling and Terak Village. The questionnaire consists of three main aspects, namely knowledge, perception and concern for the conservation of primates. In general, the response of the people of Bangka Island to the topic of primate conservation, both in terms of knowledge, perception were relatively low. However, as this was a preliminary study, it is important to explore the reasons behind the responses given in this survey. This will certainly be very useful to be taken into consideration for the primate conservation program that will be carried out by related parties.
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