An alternative energy source that can be utilized in Indonesia is solar energy, this energy is obtained from the intensity of solar radiation and then, is converted into electrical energy with solar panels technology. The performance of the solar panel is strongly influenced by the surface temperature of the panel because the semiconductor material in the panel is sensitive to temperature changes. However, the cooling process in solar panels to maintain temperature panels is important. This study combines the use of a cooling box and fins by considering fins with a very limited area. Experiments were carried out to observe natural and forced convection with or without fins in a cooling box. The results obtained that the natural convection cooling process of the panels using the cooling box and fins (without airflow) can reduce the temperature of the solar panels by 3.52%, on the other hand, by using forced convection process (with airflow), the cooling box and fins can reduce the temperature of solar panels by 3.78%. The effectiveness of fins in the case without airflow is 24.63%, but then the case of airflow cooling of solar panels is 16.63%. The addition of fins on natural convection cooling (without airflow) of solar panels causes the heat transfer area to increase, thereby increasing the rate of heat transfer between the solar panels and the air.
The use of solar panels in Indonesia can be said to be quite promising, due to Indonesia's geographical location. Recorded in 2008 the earth absorbed about 1360 W/m2 irradiation from the sun. After being filtered by the earth's atmosphere, the total peak radiation absorbed by the earth reached 1000 W/m2. When using solar panels, the power generated is influenced by several factor, especially the temperature of the solar cells themselves, because the main material of solar cells is a semiconductor material that is very sensitive to temperature. This study aims is to determine the effect of cooling using fins on the performance of solar panels. The results obtained are, in natural convection the use of fins can increase output power by 0.12% and can increase electrical efficiency from 3.31% to 3.32%. Whereas in forced convection the use of fins can increase power by 0.78% and can increase electricity efficiency from 3.38% to 3.40%
<p class="02abstracttext">In recent few years, many works have been dedicated to search for new source of renewable energy. In this study, new source of renewable energy is based in the briquette made from mixture of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) powder and gelam (Melaleuca leucadendron) wood powder. The mixture was carbonized at temperature of 500 <sup>o</sup>C ± 10 <sup>o</sup>C for 120 minutes. The size of the particles used was 50 mesh while the ratio between wood powder adhesives, i.e. starch powder, used in the study was 1:1. The composition variations between ironwood charcoal and gelam were 100% ironwood charcoal powder and 0% gelam, 70%: 30%, 50%: 50%, 30%: 70%, 0% ironwood: 100% gelam. The compaction pressure during briquette production was varied at 100 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, 125 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> and 150 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. The highest combustion temperature at 205 <sup>o</sup>C occurred in the specimen with composition of 30% ironwood powder and 70% gelam wood powder with compaction pressure of 100 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. The longest burning duration 140 minutes (2 hours 20 minutes) occurred at composition of 50% ironwood powder and 50% gelam wood powder at compaction pressure of 150 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. The fastest initial ignition time was 7 minutes and occurred for mixture with composition of 70% ironwood powder and 30% gelam wood powder at compaction pressure of 125 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p>
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