A person with obesity has a high risk of getting a severe complication of COVID-19. This is related to the increasing of chronic illness cases caused by obesity. Obesity itself has been known to take part in the disruption of the human immune system. A person with obesity will be more susceptible to the infection and is suspected to be one of the risk factors that cause death in COVID-19. This study used observational analysis with a systematic review method and continued with Meta-Analysis. This study has been held at the Public Health Department of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, in July 2020. The data sources of this study come from online literature, such as published journals that match our inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for this study were journals that study the relation of obesity and mortality in COVID-19 cases, journals with a cross-sectional design, journals that used samples age >18 y.o., and journals that used BMI as the obesity classification. Five journals matched our criteria and were analyzed in this study. Four of 5 journals show that there is a relationship between obesity and mortality of COVID-19. There are 2133 subjects with COVID-19, and 361 of them have obesity. There are 1861 subjects with COVID-19 who are not dead; 1567 of them don’t have obesity. An analytic study with a random effect model shows that obesity is the risk factor of mortality in COVID-19 cases (OR = 2.041; 95% CI 1.027-4.058). It also shows that there is a significant relationship between obesity and mortality in COVID-19 cases (p=0.042). Most journals analyzed with a systematic review and meta-analysis in this study show that obesity is the risk factor of mortality in COVID-19 cases.
Tiroidektomi merupakan pembedahan yang sering dilakukan di seluruh dunia dengan indikasi pada tumor ganas atau jinak maupun kelainan fungsi tiroid. Pembedahan pada leher sejatinya merupakan prosedur yang berisiko tinggi karena dilakukan pada struktur yang menempel pada pembuluh darah, saraf, dan jalan napas sehingga diperlukan manajemen perioperatif yang baik. Sari pustaka ini bertujuan untuk merangkum berbagai hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam manajemen terkini perioperatif pembedahan tiroid. Pengelolaan preoperatif mencakup kendali gejala dan tanda hipertiroid atau hipotiroid, puasa, pemberian antibiotik profilaksis, serta manajemen jalan napas. Selama operasi, terdapat hal khusus yang perlu diperhatikan terkait penggunaan obat anestesi, pemantuan hemodinamik, serta upaya pencegahan cedera saraf. Selain itu, beberapa komplikasi pascaoperatif yang perlu dideteksi dan ditangani secara dini, antara lain hipokalsemia, hematoma, cedera nervus laringeus rekurens, kejadian nyeri, mual, dan muntah, serta trakeomalasia. Seluruh tata laksana perioperatif tersebut memerlukan kerjasama multidisiplin.
Most hepatitis A infections are acute, self-limiting, and asymptomatic. In rare instances, extra hepatic complication, such as acute cholecystitis, may emerge. Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall and is classified into calculus and acalculus. About 90–95% of cases are brought on by bile duct stones. Acute acalculous cholecystitis can be brought on by structural and functional abnormalities in the gallbladder brought on by viral hepatitis infection. Here we present a 20 years old female patient with acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with hepatitis A infection. Gallbladder distention, thickening of the gallbladder wall, absence of acoustic shadow or biliary sludge, perivesical liquid buildup, and absence of dilatation of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts are among the ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosing acute acalculous cholecystitis. The viral hepatitis serology revealed acute hepatitis A infection with positive anti-HAV IgM. Hepatitis A testing should be considered in patients suspected with acalculous cholecystitis of undefined etiology in markedly deranged liver function test adult patients.
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