Assessments of genetic diversity have been claimed to be significantly efficient in utilising and managing resources of genetic for breeding programme. In this study, variations in genetic were observed in 65 pineapple accessions gathered from germplasm available at Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) located in Pontian, Johor via 15 markers of simple sequence repeat (SSR). The results showed that 59 alleles appeared to range from 2.0 to 6.0 alleles with a mean of 3.9 alleles per locus, thus displaying polymorphism for all samples at a moderate level. Furthermore, the values of polymorphic information content (PIC) had been found to range between 0.104 (TsuAC035) and 0.697 (Acom_9.9), thus averaging at the value of 0.433. In addition, the expected and the observed heterozygosity of each locus seemed to vary within the ranges of 0.033 to 0.712, and from 0.033 to 0.885, along with the average values of 0.437 and 0.511, respectively. The population structure analysis via method of delta K (ΔK), along with mean of L (K) method, revealed that individuals from the germplasm could be divided into two major clusters based on genetics (K = 2), namely Group 1 and Group 2. As such, five accessions (Yankee, SRK Chalok, SCK Giant India, SC KEW5 India and SC1 Thailand) were clustered in Group 1, while the rest were clustered in Group 2. These outcomes were also supported by the dendrogram, which had been generated through the technique of unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). These analyses appear to be helpful amongst breeders to maintain and to manage their collections of germplasm. Besides, the data gathered in this study can be useful for breeders to exploit the area of genetic diversity in estimating the level of heterosis.
Nine commercial varieties of pineapples in Malaysia (Josapine, Maspine, MD2, Sarawak, Gandul, N36, Moris, Crystal Honey and Yankee) were collected from various places in Peninsular Malaysia and analysed for cultivar identifications using nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 27 alleles have been observed which ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 3 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.3426 (Acom_82.8) to 0.6561 (Acom_67.2) with a mean of 0.4524 while the heterozygosity value ranged from 0.1097 (TsuAC021) to 0.8010 (TsuAC039) with a mean of 0.5481. The pairwise Nei’s genetic distances had also been calculated and the value ranged from 0.0562 (Gandul and Josapine) to 0.6383 (MD2 and Yankee) with an average value of 0.3169. The above data emphasised a moderate level of polymorphisms among the nine varieties. A dendrogram was constructed by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) which showed all the nine successfully differentiated pineapple commercial varieties. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) was also had been generated which revealed an agreement with the dendrogram output. Therefore, these nine SSR markers can be used to identify the nine selected commercial varieties to ensure pure planting materials.
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