The purpose of this review was to examine the evolution of halal research across various sectors in the last two decades, identify research gaps, and explore future research directions. This study employed the Scopus database to identify articles with the term “halal” within the publication year of 1996 to 2020. Bibliometric and network analyses were performed on 1770 articles using VOSviewer software 1.6.13. Citation metrics were generated using Publish and Perish v7 software. Halal research themes encompassed different disciplines. Halal authentication was found to be the largest cluster among a total of 10 clusters. Emerging research areas include halal cosmetics, halal food supply chains, and halal tourism. Islamic finance and banking were found to be relevant in the halal ecosystem. Untapped areas include modest fashion, halal media and recreation, halal curriculum, halal science, and interrelationship between halal practice and Islamic faith. Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies surrounding digitisation and the Internet of Things are foreseen to be re-emerging hot areas. This study covers comprehensive halal research topics, including banking and financial aspects. A summary of recent bibliometric studies on halal is included in the discussion. The study also accentuates the keyword analysis that has enabled the identification of mature, emerging, and untapped clusters of halal research. The evolution of halal research was mapped to the Islamic economic sectors of the Global Islamic Economy Report to provide cogent arguments on the halal research landscape.
Dating back to the 15th century Nusantara, Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai was known as the earliest retrievable written Malay scripture that contains Islamic or Arabized elements in its penning. This scripture which was originally written in Jawi writing, often used by the historians as an indication for the coming of Islam in the Malay World. The Islamized nature of Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai reflects the position of Islam at that time, with Muslim rulers reigning over their kingdoms using Islamic laws and incorporate Islamic components in their traditions and customs practiced within their timeframe. The text also captured the issues erupted within the courts which is interesting to analyse. Although Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai is often associated with its historical accountability, this article offers a new angle in viewing the ancient chronicle by reflecting its relevance six centuries later with the conditions of the contemporary Muslim world by using analytical research. This article aims to dig about the Pasai kings from the book and list the Islamic principles and what contradicts them with the contemporary world nowadays. The result has found that there is a lot of Islamic influence in and also what contradicts it, this story, although it is ancient and can relate some of them with the world today.
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