Introduction: Breast cancer affects 2.1 million women each year and causes the highest number of cancer-related deaths among women. Several modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging & biopsy are used for diagnostic purposes; clinical breast examination (CBE) & breast self-examination (BSE) are performed as part of screening approaches. The objective of this research is to evaluate knowledge, practices, and barriers to breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 235 women in a tertiary hospital, from March to June 2020. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire adapted from previous study and distributed by hand. Results: Most of the respondents were single (68.9%), university graduate (82.6%) and students (39.6%). There was a significant difference between BSE performers and non-performers correlated to education level, marital status, occupation, family history of breast cancer, and knowledge level of BSE. BSE performers had lower mean scores for barriers compared to non-performers. Conclusion: Overall findings indicate respondents have a moderate knowledge level of BSE with 64.7% (n = 152). Other than that, 57.0% (n = 134) of women practice BSE. Thus, BSE educational programs should be carried out in society for the early detection of breast cancer.
Introduction: Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging is well established in the oncology setting. However, in the current cancer diagnostic imaging approach in Malaysia patients need separate CT and PET/CT examinations for morphologic and physiologic cancer staging, respectively, as PET/CT is unable to produce images with optimum diagnostic quality. Therefore, introducing contrast media into CT attenuation correction (CTAC) acquisition to increase image quality have raised concerns on heightened radiation exposure. This study aimed to verify the amount of external radiation exposure irradiated to the patient converging to the scanning protocol implemented in whole-body (WB) 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the radiation dose delivered during CTAC acquisition of 18F-FDG-PET/CT examination at three hospitals providing PET/CT imaging services in Penang State. The implemented scanning protocols and parameters, and the effective dose received by the patient were analysed based on dose length product (DLP) and CTDIvol reported by the scanner. Results: CTAC of WB 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging was executed as either non-contrast (NC-CTAC) or contrast-enhanced (CE-CTAC). CE-CTAC produced a 250% higher radiation dose compared to NC-CTAC. The scanning parameter differences that significantly contributed to increased radiation dose were the tube current and pitch value. Conclusion: CE-CTAC delivered a higher radiation dose than NC-CTAC acquisition in WB 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging due to different mAs and pitch as scanning parameters. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences (2022) 18(SUPP15): 132-139. doi:10.478
Electronic learning (e-learning) has become an integral part of education in line with the rapid advancement of technology. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 had caused the educational institution to shift from traditional learning to e-learning to ensure continuation of learning activities. This shift in learning approach may affect the students' performance if they were not prepared to embrace the changes especially for the newly enrolled students. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the readiness and attitude of newly enrolled, undergraduate medical imaging (MI) students toward e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 81 newly-enrolled, undergraduate MI students participated in this study. Information on socio-demographic factors, attitude and readiness on e-learning were acquired using an online self-administered questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Majority of the newly enrolled MI students have average readiness (61%, n = 49) and less positive attitude (61%, n = 49) towards e-learning. Age, gender and internet connectivity were found to be correlated with student's readiness. Furthermore, there is significantly positive, very strong correlation between readiness and attitude toward e-learning (p < 0.05, v = 0.359). The result of this study, in summary, is that newly enrolled, undergraduate students had an average readiness and less positive attitude.
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