This paper presents the effect of accelerated salt spray (fog) exposure on commercially glass fiber reinforced polyester composite to determine the durability of the material. Aging behavior after exposure in the salt-spray environment was studied by mechanical properties i.e. flexural stress and flexural modulus. The accelerated salt spray exposure was conducted by Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray (CASS) Test according to ASTM B368. The CASS exposure was carried out for 120 hours and observed every 24 hours. The flexural modulus results tend to be constant up to 4 days and more significant change on 5th day of measurement. Furthermore, the morphology of specimens investigated by a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM results also showed that only scratch occurred on the surface of the specimens test. The longer of the CASS exposure time, the higher the number of scratches. From this study, it could be concluded that Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite has slightly damage for 120 hours CASS test exposure.
Process parameters are crucial to produce targeted qualities in polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites, due to their roles on the generation of shear and diffusion. Thus, this research aims to observe their effects on structures and properties of PP/clay nanocomposites. Samples were produced by mixing PP, PP grafting maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), and Cloisite 20A at fixed compositions, 88/9/3 wt%, respectively, in an internal mixer with variations on temperatures (210, 220, 230 °C) and speeds (60, 80, 100 rpm). Effect of mixing parameters on nanocomposite structures and properties were investigated from XRD, SEM and flexural properties. The results showed that all samples had intercalated as well as agglomerated structures. Further analysis on XRD and SEM showed that samples produced at high conditions (230 °C or 100 rpm) had similar structures. In contrast, low setting sample (210 °C and 60 rpm), despite its similarity on dispersion level, had longer agglomerates than that of mixed at high settings. Correlated both increase of d-spacing and agglomerates length to flexural properties suggested that modulus was more influenced by dispersion level, while strength was affected by agglomerates. However, it was worth to note that improvement on d-spacing, with availability of long agglomerates might not guarantee modulus and strength improvement due to low interfacial bonding.
Plastik ramah lingkungan umumnya digunakan untuk aplikasi kemasan sekali pakai, salah satunya adalah penggunaan singkong sebagai bahan plastik biodegradable. Proses pencampuran biodegradable selama pendinginan umumnya menggunakan air, sementara itu pati memiliki sifat mudah menyerap air sehingga memungkinkan terbentuknya porositas pada produk akhir. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan pembuatan komposit HDPE biodegradable – pati singkong dengan parameter penambahan pati dan proses pendinginan setelah compounding,pengamatan dilakukan melalui struktur morfologi. Parameter proses pendinginan setelah compounding yaitu dengan cara memasukkan sampel ke dalam air selama beberapa menit dan dengan pendinginan udara. Karakterisasi awal dilakukan dengan pengukuran MFR (Melt Flow Rate) dan strain at break. Dari hasil pengujian, campuran biodegradabledengan 10% pati menghasilkan nilai MFR 0,258 g/10 menit dan strain at break 10,37%, nilai ini menunjukan karakteristik material polimer untuk proses injection molding. Selanjutnya material setelah proses pendinginan diamati porositas menggunakan alat SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), porositas terbentuk karena sifat pati yang menyerap air. Hasil morfologi alat SEM menunjukkan adanya porositas dalam produk yang dilakukan proses pendinginan menggunakan air. Pendinganan lebih lama menghasilkan porositas sekitar 5,32 μsedangkan pendinginan lebih lambat menghasilkan porositas sekitar 2,48 μ. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama proses pendinginan, maka semakin besar porositas yang terbentuk. Sementara proses pendinginan dengan udara tidak membentuk porositas pada komposit HDPE biodegradable – pati singkong.Â
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