Vision system is gradually becoming more important. As computing technology advances, it has been widely utilized in many industrial and service sectors. One of the critical applications for vision system is to navigate mobile robot safely. In order to do so, several technological elements are required. This article focuses on reviewing recent researches conducted on the intelligent vision-based navigation system for the mobile robot. These include the utilization of mobile robot in various sectors such as manufacturing, warehouse, agriculture, outdoor navigation and other service sectors. Multiple intelligent algorithms used in developing robot vision system were also reviewed.

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The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is an optimization method that was modeled based on the social behavior of organisms, such as bird flocks or swarms of bees. It was initially applied for cases defined over continuous spaces, but it can also be modified to solve problems in discrete spaces. Such problems include scheduling problems, where the Job-shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) is among the hardest combinatorial optimization problems. Although the JSP is a discrete problem, the continuous version of PSO has been able to handle the problem through a suitable mapping. Subsequently, its modified model, namely the discrete PSO, has also been proposed to solve it. In this paper, the performance of continuous and discrete PSO in solving JSP are evaluated and compared. The benchmark tests used are FT06 and FT10 problems available in the OR-library, where the goal is to minimize the maximum completion time of all jobs, i.e. the makespan. The experimental results show that the discrete PSO outperforms the continuous PSO for both benchmark problems.

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Project management has emerged as a field of practice that is being used increasingly by organizations to achieve their business goals. Since the concept 'survival of the fittest' best describes today's business environment, good project management performance assessment tools are needed in order to make an organization 'the best of the best'. Project completion within time and cost, while maintaining quality is very important for the success of projects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the key variables of time, cost and quality and determine their roles in project management performance. A problem was constructed together with different scenarios to analyse the relations of these variables according to conditions given. With the help of Microsoft Project, the authors were able to narrow down the findings in all scenarios and summarize the patterns of strategies based on these variables to make an appropriate decision on planning the project.