AbstrakSenyawa antioksidan adalah senyawa yang dapat menangkal dampak radikal bebas dengan cara menghambat stres oksidatif serta menghentikan kerusakan sel dan induksi penyakit. Tanaman kamboja jepang (Adenium obesum) dan kamboja putih (Plumeria acuminata) termasuk tanaman hias yang memiliki khasiat obat. Tanaman ini banyak mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan senyawa antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun dan bunga tanaman kamboja jepang dan kamboja putih. Ekstrak kamboja diperoleh dengan melakukan maserasi daun dan bunga kamboja dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan 96%. Ekstrak kental daun dan bunga kamboja diperoleh dengan cara pemekatan ekstrak menggunakan penangas air. Uji skrining fitokimia ekstrak kental berupa kandungan alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan steroid secara kualitatif, sementara aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, dan saponin dengan nilai IC50 tertinggi ditunjukan oleh ekstrak bunga kamboja putih yang diekstrak dengan etanol 70% yaitu sebesar 98,41 ppm, dan terendah oleh bunga kamboja putih yang diekstrak dengan etanol 96% yaitu 533,13 ppm. Ekstrak etanol tanaman kamboja jepang dan kamboja putih memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan alami.Abstract Antioxidant compounds are compounds that can counteract the effects of free radicals by inhibiting oxidative stress and stopping cell damage and disease induction. Japanese frangipani plants (Adenium obesum) And white frangipani (Plumeria acuminata), including ornamental plants that have medicinal properties. This plant contains a lot of flavonoid compounds and natural antioxidant compounds. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of leaves and flowers of japanese frangipani plants ย and white frangipani. Frangipani extract is obtained by moderating frangipani leaves and flowers by using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents. Thick extracts of frangipani leaves and flowers are obtained by concentrating the extract using a water bath. Phytochemical screening tests of thick extracts containing alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids qualitatively, while antioxidant activity was tested by the method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins with the highest IC50 values shown by white frangipani extract extracted with 70% ethanol at 98.41 ppm, and the lowest by white frangipani extracted with 96% ethanol at 533.13 ppm. Ethanol extract of japanese frangipani and white frangipani plants have potential as natural antioxidants.
Peneliti mengambil riset ini untuk mencari tahu tentang pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran model problembased learning pada kemampuan metakognitif dan pemecahan masalah dalam belajar, khususnya matapelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode eksperimen bentuktrue experiment. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Untuk menguji hipotesisyang dipaparkan pada awal penelitian, teknik pengolahan data untuk riset ini menerapkan uji-t. Dariruntutan aktivitas penelitian dan pengolahan data tersebut, diketahui bahwa hasil akhir nilai koefisien๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ > ๐๐๐๐๐๐. Sehingga berpedoman dari hasil data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa modelproblem based learning berpengaruh pada kemampuan metakognitif. Hasil analisis data lainnya daripemecahan masalah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika, diketahui hasil akhir nilai koefisien๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ > ๐๐๐๐๐๐. Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan lagi bahwa model problem based learning jugaberpengaruh terhadap pemecahan masalah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran problem based learning, kemampuan metakognitif, pemecahan masalahmatemaika.
Guru berperan langsung dalam kualitas pembelajaran. Kehidupan guru dengan status honorer jauh dari sejahtera mengingat gaji yang mereka terima jauh di bawah gaji guru yang berstatus PNS. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengetahui bagaimana kesejahteraan psikologis guru yang berstatus honorer di SMAN 13 Depok dan bagaimana upaya guru honorer menghadapi situasi sulit. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara tidak langsung, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan teknik triangulasi, yang meliputi reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: 1) kesejahteraan psikologis guru honorer di SMAN 13 Depok cukup baik karena sudah terpenuhinya enam komponen kesejahteraan psikologis meskipun dengan berbeda cara. 2) upaya mengahadapi situasi sulit yang dilakukan oleh guru yang berstatus honorer di SMAN 13 Depok yaitu dengan bersabar dan tetap bersyukur menjalaniย kehidupan sebagai guru honorer.
An Error Analysis in SolvingMathematic Task to the Eleventh Grade Students of SMK Tamtama Karanganyarรย in Academic Year 2013/2014. This studyaims to determinehow largea percentage ofthe errors, procedural errorsand errorsincomputingmath problemsto solvefundamentalintereststudentsof SMKTamtamaAK2. This was aqualitative descriptive studysubjectswere 42students drawnbypurposive sampling technique. The instrument used wasa test.Data Collection Technique uses ThinkOutlouds(TOL) technique. Data were analyzed usingdata analysis techniquesdeveloped byLexy J.Moleong: (1) review all thedata collected, (2) assess thestudents' workinmathematical problemsolvingfundamentalinterest, (3) to verify the data(conclusion). As forcheckingthe validity of thedata usingtriangulation techniques. The results ofthis study indicate that(1) the percentage oferrorswas11.43% with very low, (2) the percentageerrorof 12.38% standardwith very low, (3) the percentageerrorof 18.57% computationby categoryvery low. Suggestionsresearchers (1) for prospectiveteachers, may be able to preventand overcomethedifficultiesat least reducethe difficulties experiencedby students, (2) for teachers, provide trainingto students toperform calculations quickly andaccurately
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is one of the plants that has high antioxidant activity, especially in the leaves. Emulgel is one of the topical dosage which dermatologically has several beneficial properties, namely thixotropic, not oily, easy to spread, easy to clean, soft, easy to wash, long lasting, transparent and comfortable when used. The purpose of this research was to formulate moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves extract into emulgel dosage forms and determine the antioxidant activity of the dosage using DPPH method.The research began with extraction of moringa leaves and optimization of the base by varying the concentration of carbopol 940 as gelling consisting of F1 0.5%, F2 1%, F3 1.5% and F4 2%. The base that met the requirements of good physical stability was F2.ย The F2 base was then made into emulgel dosage with 3 concentration variations of the extract, namely F2a 4%, F2b 5% and F2c 6%. The physical stability test result of each formula met the organoleptic test,the pH test, the dispersion test, the adhesion test, the viscosity test, and the freeze-thaw test. The One way ANOVA statistical test result showed that the p value was greater than 0.05, which meant that the emulgel dosage had good physical stability. The IC50values of each antioxidant activity result were F2a (t0 = 120.464 g/mL; t28 = 144.887 g/mL), F2b (t0 = 113.642 g/mL; t28 = 128.407g/mL), F2c (t0 = 74.745 g/mL; t28 = 90.618 g/mL). The statistical results of the t-test showed thep value = 0,027, (0.05), This indicated that there were significant difference results of the antioxidant activity test between the three formulas on the first day (t0) and on the 28th day (t28).
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