Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria are the most common causes of diseases in commercial poultry, and antibiotic resistance of these organisms is often plasmid mediated. In Bangladesh such types of data are very much scarce. In this study, the antibiogram profile of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolates from 20 either clinically affected or dead laying chicken obtained from 10 commercial layer farms was performed. And MDR pattern was determined by using 7 common antimicrobials followed by isolation of plasmids to correlate between plasmids and drug resistance. Of these tested samples, 70-100% of both Salmonella Spp and E. coli were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin) cephalexin and cotrimoxazole while 60-90% isolates of both species were susceptible to both ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Isolates of both Salmonella spp and E. coli contain plasmids above 10 kbp size which might contain MDR genes. This is the first report on the characterization of plasmids found in both Salmonella spp and E. coli isolates obtained from a significant number of commercial layer farms (N=10) in Chittagong District, Bangladesh. The gathered information furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance in specific region related to other parts of the country and world. The large plasmids might be potential factors for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes regionally.

− ligand is replaced by two monodentate ligands that occupy axial positions. All compounds were characterized on the basis of analytical, spectroscopic, conductometric and magnetochemical data. The crystal structure of cis-CdL C (NO 3 )](NO 3 ) was determined by X-ray crystallography and showed the cadmium centre to exist within a cis-N 4 O 2 donor set that defined a distorted octahedral geometry. Non-systematic variations in the Cd-O and Cd-N bond distances were correlated with significant hydrogen bonding interactions operating in the crystal structure. The latter interactions led to the formation of supramolecular two-dimensional arrays. The anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities of these compounds were studied against some phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Coordination of L C by cadmium resulted in more effective anti-microbial agents; no significant dependence upon the nature of the counter-ion was detected. Copyright

Abstract:Neonatal septicemia is a clinical syndrome of systemic illness accompanied by bacteremia occuring in the first 28 days of life. Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of neonatal death in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity. The present study includes: 1) usefulness of CRP (C-reactive protein), Total Leucocyte Count, Platelet Count and Blood Culture in early diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis, 2) significance of serial CRP in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. 3) the prognostic value of CRP in neonatal sepsis. This is a prospective study done in neonatal ward, Chittagong Medical College Hospital and carried out from January 2008 to January 2011. Sample size was 300. One hundred fifty neonates with suspected sepsis as cases and 150 healthy babies as control were enrolled in this study. Seventy two percent of cases neonates were preterm and low birth weight. Common risk factors for neonatal septicemia which were identified in this study; preterm (72%), low birth weight (72%), premature rupture membrane (60%), chorioamnionitis (26%) and maternal urinary tract infection (16%) . Out of 150 cases of suspected neonatal sepsis total 80.7%% had raised CRP, in initial sample 70.39% were CRP positive and in 2 nd sample additional 9.31% case were CRP positive . In control group 91% were CRP negative. CRP was positive in 100% of culture proven sepsis. Sensitivity of CRP was 80.67% and specificity of CRP was 76.44%. Leucocytosis was observed in 7% of cases and leucopenia was found in 11% of cases. In 82 % cases leucocyte count was found normal. In control group, 95% had normal leucocyte count and 5% had leucocytosis but no leucopenia. Sensitivity of leucocyte count was 18% and specificity was 20.68%. Thrombocytopenia was found in 28% of case group. Out of 150 cases only 15.33% yielded growth of organisms in blood culture. Klebsiella was the most common pathogen isolated which was followed by E.coli and Strph. aureus. Sensitivity of blood culture was 15.33% and specificity was 100% Therefore serial CRP can be taken as alternative method for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis specially in developing countries where blood culture is not readily available.