The research concerned the application of Dynamic Assessment (DA) in English Language Teaching (ELT) which based on Vygotsky’s theory, namely Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The research was meant to investigate the effect of DA in improving teaching and learning speaking in Indonesia especially English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in university. The research was conducted using a qualitative method by involving four Indonesian university learners in the first semester. The participants received the same treatments through pre-test and self-reflection, feedback and knowledge expansion, post-test and self-reflection, post-feedback, and semi-structured interviews. The instruments were used to analyze the learners’ non-fluency and mastery problem. The analysis showed that the learners’ speaking performance was improved after experiencing DA sessions. The results of the test and self-reflection showed significant improvement in their speaking. The finding showed some positive effects of DA on EFL learners’ speaking performance. In interviews, learners showed positive experiences and attitude toward DA since it served them a comfortable, structured, practical, and meaningful platform to recognize their speaking behavior, weaknesses, strength, and needs. Furthermore, it also helped them to get the objective feedbacks with less anxiety. The researchers conclude that DA can be applied as a primary alternative assessment in English speaking practices.
The purpose of this research was to discover problems that Indonesian Vocational Students are having with the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) to improve TOEIC instruction. The participants were 18 students in school attending the TOEIC preparation course in the TOEIC course in October 2018. There were two steps in taking the data: (1) questionnaires on the listening and reading problems in the TOEIC test, and (2) interview on how they cope with the problems. The result shows that: 1) The majority of subjects had no experience in TOEIC and most of them did not have any preparation for the test; 2) Listening problems were at a high level in questionnaires 100% for the lack in vocabulary; 3) Reading problems were at a high level in questionnaires 100% for unknowing the meaning based on the context of the text; 4) The interview results showed that the students solve the problem in TOEIC test with learning by themselves, discuss with a partner and learning on the internet. The researchers recommend that the TOEIC course should include vocabulary building and be conducted frequently.
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